The United Kingdom: Hybrid Populisms, Mixed Fortunes, and Unstable Support

Right-wing populism, social media and echo chambers in Western democracies

“…Norris and Inglehart (2018) point to the importance of geography in predicting the rise of populism. Stanyer et al (2016) made similar observations about UKIP supporters in the United Kingdom. This is another area for further research.…”

“…Like Inglehart and Norris (2016), we found that women in France were less supportive of populist candidates and parties. In our study, in the United Kingdom, gender did not predict populist support, but Stanyer et al (2016) found that it was males who were more likely to support UK Independence Party (UKIP). As observed by Inglehart and Norris (2016) and Stanyer et al (2016), age is a significant predictor across countries.…”

“…In our study, in the United Kingdom, gender did not predict populist support, but Stanyer et al (2016) found that it was males who were more likely to support UK Independence Party (UKIP). As observed by Inglehart and Norris (2016) and Stanyer et al (2016), age is a significant predictor across countries. Older people are more likely to support populism, compared to younger people.…”

“…Other studies have also found that gender and age affect support for populist candidates and parties (Inglehart and Norris, 2016; Stanyer et al, 2016). Like Inglehart and Norris (2016), we found that women in France were less supportive of populist candidates and parties.…”

“…As for control variables, we include gender, age, education and political ideology, building upon existing work on populism (Inglehart and Norris, 2016; Norris and Inglehart, 2018; Stanyer et al, 2016). Gender is a dummy variable (1 = women).…”