The unique 2009–2010 El Niño event: A fast phase transition of warm pool El Niño to La Niña

Kim, WonMoo; Yeh, Sang‐Wook; Kim, Joo-Hong; Kug, Jong‐Seong; Kwon, Min Serk

doi:10.1029/2011gl048521

Cited by 109 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It is bounded to the north by the crescent-shaped Kendeng caldera collapse remnant wall (named Old Ijen caldera rim in Fig. 2) and to the south by the post-caldera rim volcanoes Merapi, Ranteh, and Jampit (Kemmerling 1921). The main hydrological features in the caldera are the Banyu Pahit acidic river which originates from the Kawah Ijen crater lake, and the neutral Kali Sat and Kali Senggon rivers draining the western and eastern parts of the caldera, respectively.…”

Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The six caldera rim volcanoes (yellow in Fig. 2), are dominantly composite cones: Ringghi, Jampit, Ranteh, Pawenen, Merapi, and possibly Suket (Kemmerling 1921). Around 25,000 years ago, 13 intracaldera cinder cones extending E-W from Mlaten to Kawah Ijen were active (Sitorus 1990;Berlo 2001;Van Hinsberg et al 2010b).…”

Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caldera formation is not well constrained but occurred between 300,000 (youngest dated pre-caldera deposit) and 50,000 (oldest dated postcaldera deposit) years ago (Sitorus 1990) through the collapse of this Old Ijen stratovolcano (Kemmerling 1921;Sitorus 1990). A non-volcanic structure then developed inside the caldera (van Bemmelen 1941), as a lake, which emptied ∼50,000 years ago owing to the fault systems that cut the northern Kendeng caldera wall (Sundhoro (1990) in (Pengembangan 2002), (Kemmerling 1921)) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of the present-day Kawah Ijen structure was controlled by several events: its formation on the flank of Merapi volcano, resulting in the partial destruction of Merapi's cone (Junghuhn 1853), a cone building period (Kemmerling 1921;Sitorus 1990;Van Hinsberg et al 2010a), and a destructive period inferred from hydrothermal, phreatic, and phreato-magmatic deposits cutting into progressively lower stratigraphic levels of the cone-building stage (Van Hinsberg et al 2010a). This last period when the breach in the western crater rim developed acted as the outflow channel for the crater lake during parts of the volcano's history.…”

Section: Kawah Ijen Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

et al. 2015

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Kawah Ijen is a composite volcano located at the easternmost part of Java island in Indonesia and hosts the largest natural acidic lake in the world. We have gathered all available historical reports on Kawah Ijen's activity since 1770 with the purpose of reviewing the temporal evolution of its activity. Most of these observations and studies have been conducted from a geochemical perspective and in punctuated scientific campaigns. Starting in 1991, the seismic activity and a set of volcanic lake parameters began to be weekly available. We present a database of those measurements that, combined with historical reports, allow us to review each eruption/unrest that occurred during the last two centuries. As of 2010, the volcanic activity is monitored by a new multi-disciplinary network, including digital seismic stations, and lake level and temperature measurements. This detailed monitoring provides an opportunity for better Editorial responsibility: G. Giordano C. Caudron ( ) ·

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Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ijen Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kawah Ijen Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

et al. 2015

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“…The 2009-2010 El Niño is classified as a CP event based on the center of the warming [Lee and Mcphaden, 2010]. But the termination of the warming is similar to typical EP events because of the strong La Niña that followed [Kim et al, 2011]. IMF 6 also accurately shows La Niña (local minima in Figure 9a).…”

Section: Comparing the Multidecadal Wp Size And Location Changesmentioning

confidence: 94%

A closer look at the central Pacific El Niño and warm pool migration events from 1982 to 2011

Kidwell

Yan

2014

JGR Oceans

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In recent years, it has been observed that there are different types of El Niño events. The warm events can be divided into two categories: those centered in the central Pacific (CP) and those centered in the eastern Pacific (EP). We examined the variability of western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) horizontal migration and size from January 1982 to December 2011 by applying Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert‐Huang Spectrum (HHS) to the optimally interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST) data set. The analysis shows that the long‐term residual trend of the zonal centroid movement is migrating to the west by 3.78° from the mean location during the past 30 years. The size of the warm pool has also increased 18% during this period. These analysis techniques isolated two separate time series for the migration of the zonal component of the WPWP for both CP and EP events and showed that these two types of El Niño generally operate at different time scales. The EP time series shows the strong traditional EP El Niño and the transition between strong El Niño conditions and La Niña conditions. The CP time series shows that CP El Niños occur more often than EP El Niños. The changes of El Niño type in conjunction with westward drift and increasing warm pool size shows an interesting multidecadal change in the warm pool. Potential mechanisms relating the Pacific Decadal Oscillation to El Niño typologies were also discussed.

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Ocean chlorophyll response to two types of El Niño events in an ocean‐biogeochemical coupled model

Lee

Yeh

Kug³

et al. 2014

JGR Oceans

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Based on a long-term simulation of an ocean-biogeochemical coupled model, we investigate the biogeochemical response to the two types of El Niño events, a Cold Tongue (CT)-El Niño and a Warm Pool (WP)-El Niño, in which a local maximum of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) is located in the eastern and central tropical Pacific. Our model is able to reasonably simulate the characteristics of the biological variables in a way comparable to the observations. During the developing period, anomalous low chlorophyll appears in the eastern Pacific, while it appears in the central Pacific in the WP-El Niño. The difference in the spatial-temporal response of chlorophyll for the two types of El Niño events is mainly due to the eastward zonal advection of upper ocean currents, which plays a role in bringing nutrient-poor water from the western Pacific. During the decaying period of the WP-El Niño, anomalous high chlorophyll appears concurrently with anomalous low SST in the eastern Pacific. Conversely, anomalous high chlorophyll appears in the central Pacific prior to the decaying period of the CT-El Niño. In particular, the anomalous low sea level from the northwestern Pacific shifts to the southern equatorial region during the decaying period of the CT-El Niño. This drives anticyclonic boundary currents which enhance the Equatorial Undercurrent, playing a role in the supply of nutrients to the central equatorial Pacific, resulting in an increase in chlorophyll concentration in the same region.

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The unique 2009–2010 El Niño event: A fast phase transition of warm pool El Niño to La Niña

Cited by 109 publications

References 38 publications

Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

Kawah Ijen volcanic activity: a review

A closer look at the central Pacific El Niño and warm pool migration events from 1982 to 2011

Ocean chlorophyll response to two types of El Niño events in an ocean‐biogeochemical coupled model

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