“…Researchers have also examined such subjects as load-deflection response, stability analysis, and the buckling and initial post-buckling behavior of bilaterally constrained piles, as found in Fazelzadeh and Kazemi-Lari (2013), Challamel (2011), Chen and Baker (2003), Sironic et al (1999), Chai (1998), Budkowska (1997a,b), Budkowska and Szymczak (1997), West et al (1997), and Naidu and Rao (1995). Recently, Tzaros and Mistakidis (2011) presented the critical loads and buckling modes of columns under unilateral contact constraints. Spacone (2002, 2006) presented three formulations of frame elements with nonlinear lateral deformable supports.…”