The unhealthy lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of poor nutrition among the elderly population in China

Abstract

While the prevalence of malnutrition was low, RM was high in the elderly population in China. The determinants of malnutrition were explored and the relationships between nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyle factors were examined. The results of this study provide information for future longitudinal studies with multi-factorial interventional design in order to determine the effects of the causal relationships.

Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…A total of 106 studies were full-text assessed, and 66 were excluded because of the following reasons: results not related to the outcomes studied (n = 48), text not available (n = 8), non-representative population sample (n = 5), and wrong study design (n = 5). Finally, as shown in Figure 1, 40 studies were included in the systematic review [13,14, and 16 studies in the meta-analysis [13,20,21,25,26,29,30,35,36,39,42,43,45,[51][52][53]. related to the socioeconomic variable was required.…”

“…Of the total 40 included studies, 36 were cross-sectional [13,14,17,18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][51][52][53] and four were cohort studies [16,19,33,50]. The study population was 60 years old and above, except for two studies that focused only on people aged over either 85 years [26] or 90 years [37].…”

“…All of the studies included people of both genders, except two studies [50,51]-one of them was only focused on men [50] and the other only on women [51]. Of the 40 studies included in the systematic review, according to the Development Human Index from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) [54], 33 were conducted in regions with a high development human index (Poland [39], Sweden [38,40], China [30,37,53], Turkey [52], Canada [49,50], Italy [14,35], Taiwan [16], Lebanon [17,20,25], Brazil [18], Ireland [19,31], Finland [21], Spain [13,22,26], Norway [23,34], Portugal [24], Korea [27], Iran [28], Sri Lanka [29], New Zealand [48], Mexico [32], Amsterdam [33], Malaysia [36], and Shanghai [51]), five were conducted in regions with a medium development human index (Bangladesh [41,44], India [42], South Africa [43], and Egypt [45]), and two were conducted in regions with a low development human index (Central Africa…”

“…Of the 40 observational studies included in the systematic review, regarding the tools used to assess the nutritional status, 29 studies used the MNA [13,14,[16][17][18]20,21,[23][24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43]45,[51][52][53], one of which also used the Norwegian version of the Nutritional Form For the Elderly (NUFFE-NO) [34]. Of the other studies, five used only the Body Mass Index (BMI) [19,22,33,44,46] and one also used self-reported weight loss [19], four used the Senior in the community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition (SCREEN II) [38,[48][49][50] and two used the Nutritional Screening Initiative (NSI) [27,47].…”

“…Of the total of 40 observational studies included in the systematic review, eight different socioeconomic variables were evaluated: 31 studies evaluated the educational level [13,14,16,18-20, 22,24-30,33,35-37,39,41-49,51-53], 27 the fact of living alone or cohabiting [13,14,19,21,22,[25][26][27][28][29]31,32,[36][37][38][39][40][42][43][44][45][48][49][50][51][52][53], 24 the marital status [13,14,16,19,23,24,26,27,29,30,[33][34][35][36]39,41,42,[44][45][46]48,…”