“…It is commonly perceived that the backflow will increase the foundation's bearing capacity, especially the horizontal and moment capacities. This is indeed indicated in the work by Templeton et al (2005), Templeton (2009) and Zhang et al (2011Zhang et al ( , 2012a, though the soil disturbance caused by spudcan installation was neglected in these numerical studies. The backflow also potentially acts as a "seal" on top of the spudcan, allowing suction to be developed, as observed in centrifuge experiments (Cassidy et al, 2004a;Purwana et al, 2005;Gaudin et al, 2011).…”