The underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 and O3 synergistic pollution in East China: Photochemical and heterogeneous interactions

Qu, Yawei; Wang, Tijian; Cheng, Yuan; Wu, Hao; Gao, Libo; Huang, Congwu; Li, Yasong; Li, Mengmeng; Xie, Min

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162434

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, the inflection point of increasing O 3 concentration (18,118 RMB) is higher than that of decreasing PM 2.5 concentration (15,242 RMB), indicating that the mitigation of O 3 pollution takes place later than that of PM 2.5 pollution (Figure 11). Existing studies have also concluded that as PM 2.5 concentration increases, O 3 concentration also decreases, and the decrease in PM 2.5 takes place earlier than for O 3 concentration [15]. However, there are some differences in the specific inflection points in different sub-watersheds.…”

Section: Heterogeneity Analysis From Different Sub-watershedsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The existing literature on PM 2.5 and O 3 has mainly concentrated on source analysis [12,13], synergistic mechanisms [14,15], single-pollutant and multipollutant spatiotemporal evolution [16][17][18], spatial correlation [19], and factor studies [20,21]. PM 2.5 sources are relatively complex-partially primary emissions (primary particulate matter) and partially secondary formation (secondary particulate matter) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Qi,

Miao,

Xie

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Air pollution, especially the synergistic pollution of PM2.5 and O3, poses a severe threat to human life and production. The synergistic formation mechanism of PM2.5 and O3 pollution is relatively confirmed, while research on their spatiotemporal synergy is urgent. Based on remotely sensed interpretation data from 90 cities in the Yellow River Basin, we analyzed the synergistic evolution of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations during 2013–2020. Combined with the environmental Kuznets curve, we performed factor analysis using a panel regression model. The synergistic evolution pattern shows a gradual decrease in PM2.5 concentration and a gradual increase in O3 concentration. There is a strong spatial auto-correlation in the two pollutants’ concentrations. The relationship between economy and PM2.5 concentration shows an “N-shaped” curve, while that between O3 concentration and economic development presents an inverse “N-shaped” curve. The environmental Kuznets curve shows that the deterioration of O3 pollution takes place later than the mitigation of PM2.5 pollution. Various factors have obvious heterogeneous effects on PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. Meanwhile, the sensitivity effect of per capita GDP on PM2.5 concentration in the midstream region is stronger than that in the upstream region, while the sensitivity effect of per capita GDP on O3 concentration is strongest in the midstream region than that in upstream and downstream region.

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Section: Heterogeneity Analysis From Different Sub-watershedsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Qi,

Miao,

Xie

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…However, enhanced surface ozone concentrations were widely reported in large areas of China (Li et al., 2019; Lu et al., 2020). Concurrent pollution of PM 2.5 ‐ozone became the main type of atmospheric pollution in many regions of China (Qu et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2021), which could pose adverse health effects on human (Lyu et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐Occurring Extremes of Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Ground‐Level Ozone in the Summer of Southern China

Lyu,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Concurrent pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone has been increasingly reported in China recently. Here, we further confirm widespread co‐occurring summertime PM2.5‐ozone extremes in southern China. Annual‐average frequency of co‐occurrence is above 50% from 2015 to 2022, especially in Pearl River Delta region (72 ± 12%). The spatial extent (city numbers) and temporal persistence (co‐occurrence days) for cities with co‐occurrence frequency >50% increase at a rate of two cities/year and 14 days/year, respectively. We further identify typical synoptic conditions (e.g., typhoon periphery circulation, West Pacific subtropical high) conducive to widespread co‐occurrence. Through combining multi‐source data, Random Forest model well predicts PM2.5‐ozone co‐occurrence and identifies common precursors (e.g., volatile organic compounds) as important variables. Finally, we postulate co‐occurrence is linked to synoptic conditions and secondary generation of PM2.5‐ozone from shared precursors. Our results suggest high potentials for co‐occurring PM2.5‐ozone extremes in southern China and control strategies on common precursors to mitigate concurrent pollution.

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“…Different from epidemiology studies, toxicological approaches apply simulated exposures such as PM nasal instillation, blood injection, or reaerosolization after enrichment . Additionally, investigation of single pollutants could neglect the important synergistic health effects of different pollutants present in natural air. − Besides, in those toxicological studies, tedious efforts were carried out to study the health impacts such as analysis of tissues, blood biomarkers, − metabolome, , and transcriptome . These methods are offline, while consisting of invasive and complex procedures; and unable to provide timely health impact information about air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Air Pollution Health Impacts Using Breath-Borne Gaseous Biomarkers from Rats

Zhu,

Yao

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Offline techniques are adopted for studying air pollution health impacts, thus failing to provide in situ observations. Here, we have demonstrated their real-time monitoring by online analyzing an array of gaseous biomarkers from rats' exhaled breath using an integrated exhaled breath array sensor (IEBAS) developed. The biomarkers include total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO 2 , CO, NO, H 2 S, H 2 O 2 , O 2 , and NH 3 . Specific breath-borne VOCs were also analyzed by a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS). After real-life ambient air pollution exposures (2 h), the pollution levels of PM 2.5 and O 3 were both found to significantly affect the relative levels of multiple gaseous biomarkers in rats' breath. Eleven biomarkers, especially NO, H 2 S, and 1-propanol, were detected as significantly correlated with PM 2.5 concentration, while heptanal was shown to be significantly correlated with O 3 . Likewise, significant changes were also detected in multiple breath-borne biomarkers from rats under labcontrolled O 3 exposures with levels of 150, 300, and 1000 μg/m 3 (2 h), compared to synthetic air exposure. Importantly, heptanal was experimentally confirmed as a reliable biomarker for O 3 exposure, with a notable dose−response relationship. In contrast, conventional biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rat sera exhibited insignificant differences after the 2 h exposures. The results imply that breath-borne gaseous biomarkers can serve as an early and sensitive indicator for ambient pollutant exposure. This work pioneered a new research paradigm for online monitoring of air pollution health impacts while obtaining important candidate biomarker information for PM 2.5 and O 3 exposures.

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The underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 and O3 synergistic pollution in East China: Photochemical and heterogeneous interactions

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Co‐Occurring Extremes of Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Ground‐Level Ozone in the Summer of Southern China

Real-Time Monitoring of Air Pollution Health Impacts Using Breath-Borne Gaseous Biomarkers from Rats

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The underlying mechanisms of PM2.5 and O3 synergistic pollution in East China: Photochemical and heterogeneous interactions

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Synergistic Evolution of PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations: Evidence from Environmental Kuznets Curve Tests in the Yellow River Basin

Co‐Occurring Extremes of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Ground‐Level Ozone in the Summer of Southern China

Real-Time Monitoring of Air Pollution Health Impacts Using Breath-Borne Gaseous Biomarkers from Rats

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Product

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Co‐Occurring Extremes of Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Ground‐Level Ozone in the Summer of Southern China