The Underground Atlas Project

Kaliampakos, Dimitris; Benardos, Andreas; Mavrikos, Athanassios; Panagiotopoulos, George

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2015.03.009

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All buildings will be capable of withstanding magnitude 9.0 earthquakes. While the new cities described above are ambitious they are based on existing or emerging technology and, in principle at least, can be completed within the next decade, designs for far more futuristic cities have also been mooted, siting them underground [41][42][43], underwater [44], floating on the sea [45,46] or even in the sky [47,48].…”

Section: Review Of the Visions For Future Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future cities and environmental sustainability

Riffat

Powell

Aydın

2016

Future Cities and Environment

101

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Massive growth is threatening the sustainability of cities and the quality of city life. Mass urbanisation can lead to social instability, undermining the capacity of cities to be environmentally sustainable and economically successful. A new model of sustainability is needed, including greater incentives to save energy, reduce consumption and protect the environment while also increasing levels of citizen wellbeing. Cities of the future should be a socially diverse environment where economic and social activities overlap and where communities are focused around neighbourhoods. They must be developed or adapted to enable their citizens to be socioeconomically creative and productive. Recent developments provide hope that such challenges can be tackled. This review describes the exciting innovations already being introduced in cities as well as those which could become reality in the near future.

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Section: Review Of the Visions For Future Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future cities and environmental sustainability

Riffat

Powell

Aydın

2016

Future Cities and Environment

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…-if done properly, is well worth these constraints of time and direct financial hardship: hydropower technology chosen wisely, democratically, and consensually, rather than being dictated. In Europe, Switzerland enhanced its national identity via tunneling macroprojects [16] and, during the 21st Century, other ecosystem-nations of which Europe is comprised will do the same [17][18]; in other words, Peru-Bolivia could have a big emerging opportunity to cooperatively buff their respective international reputations in several disciplines of modern Technology! The only comparable tunneling megaproject being contemplated currently is sited in China's Tibet [19][20]; China's scheme involves a 42 km-long inclined headrace tunnel.…”

Section: Proposal Physics: Assumed Base-ofmountain Hydropower Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

21st Century Macro-Imagineering: Lake Titicaca Hydropower Megaproject

Bolonkin¹,

Cathcart²

2019

CALIBRE

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Abstract: Territorially shared by Peru and Bolivia, South America’s largest freshwater lake is navigable Lake Titicaca, situated on an highland endorheic river basin of the Andes Mountains. Currently, Lake Titicaca is mostly regulated by ever-changing Nature. But, since its closure during 2001 AD, a small anthropogenic dam (at elevation 3804 m), emplaced at the headwaters, the Rio Desaguadero is still the altiplano lake’s only flowing freshwater outlet. Intriguingly, from circa 1908 AD, Macro-Imagineers foresaw the creation of a second, completely artificial, flowing freshwater outlet for Lake Titicaca’s 935 km3 of valuable liquid freshwater accumulation. Such a lake-tapping hydropower megaproject could allow diverted freshwater to perhaps reach the Pacific Ocean. Here, we cursorily reappraise several similar 20th Century dam and pipeline macroproject proposals, with the educative goal, achieved by careful reconsideration, of exposing the basic megaproject proposal physics related to a potential major future South America hydropower installation. Key words: hydropower, Macro-Imagineering, Lake Titicaca.=========================================================================== Resumo: Territorialmente compartilhado pelo Peru e pela Bolívia, o maior lago de água doce da América do Sul, conhecido como Lago Titicaca, está situado em uma bacia endorrêica do altiplano da Cordilheira dos Andes. Atualmente, o Lago Titicaca ainda é regulado principalmente pela natureza local em constante mudança. Mas, após a construção de uma pequena barragem em 2001 d.C. (a uma altitude de 3804 m) situada nas cabeceiras, o rio Desaguadero permanece o único escoadouro natural do lago. Curiosamente, por volta de 1908 d.C., os macro-imaginadores previam a criação de uma segunda saída, completamente artificial, para os 935 km3 da valiosa água doce líquida. Semelhante megaprojeto hidrelétrico poderia permitir que a água doce desviada alcançasse talvez o Oceano Pacífico. Aqui, reavaliamos várias propostas semelhantes de macroprojetos de barragens e dutos do século XX, com o objetivo educativo, guiado por uma cuidadosa avaliação, de expor a física básica da proposta para uma futura instalação hidrelétrica na América do Sul.Palavras-chave: hidrelétrica, Macro-Imaginação, Lago Titicaca.

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“…Utilisation of underground (UG) spaces for various purposes has been a part of human civilization since it first evolved (Kaliampakos, Benardos et al 2016, Li, Xu et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%