The Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene (UCP1) Is Disrupted in the Pig Lineage: A Genetic Explanation for Poor Thermoregulation in Piglets

Berg, Frida; Gustafson, Ulla; Andersson, Leif

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020129

Cited by 142 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…The latter used pigs as their subjects, whereas the former made use of rats. According to previous research, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) is non-functional in pigs (45)(46). Since this non-functionality of UCP-1 appears not to be harmful in pigs, it could be said that irisin influences energy metabolism in pigs including signaling which is different from that in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Rashidlamir

Hoseinzadeh

Dashtkhaki

2017

Ann. Appl. Sport Sci

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Background. The accumulation of excess triglyceride in the liver and a decrease in brown adipose tissue is related to the fatty liver disease. Regular physical activity can take part in regulating fat oxidation and inhibiting fat accumulation by creating and releasing some myokines. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of each training method in this regard is still not certain. Objective(s). This study aims at comparing the effects of resistance and endurance training on FNDC5 (the precursor of irisin myokine) gene expression in male rat liver tissues.. Methods. Fifteen Wistar male rats (aged 10-12 weeks with an average weight of 331.8 ±63.09 gr) were used. After being taken to the animals' laboratory, the subjects were randomly assigned to three equal groups viz: control (N=5), endurance (N=5) and resistance (N=5). For the purpose of tissue sampling, all these subjects were anesthetized 72 hours after the experiment had been completed. The liver tissue was immediately removed and then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at a temperature of -80o C until RNA extraction. FNDC5 relative gene expression was identified by Real-time PCR method. Results. Data analysis revealed a significant difference in FNDC5 gene expression among the groups (P=0.008, Chi Square=31.791). No significant difference was observed between the resistance training and endurance training groups in FNDC5 gene expression, though (P=0.959). Conclusion. It can be established that both resistance and endurance training can similarly affect the production and secretion of exerciseinduced myokines, including FNDC5 irisin, which can in turn protect against obesity and its impacts on the liver tissue by stimulating the process of browning of white fat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Rashidlamir

Hoseinzadeh

Dashtkhaki

2017

Ann. Appl. Sport Sci

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“…During early mammalian evolution, UCP1 developed rapidly (Saito et al, 2008) from a probably nonthermogenic protoUCP1 that is still found in fish (Jastroch et al, 2005;Jastroch et al, 2007). UCP1 is principally found in all mammals -with the pig family being the only exception (Berg et al, 2006). Pigs have secondarily lost the ability to express UCP1 and are thus incapable of nonshivering thermogenesis (Mount, 1968).…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Heat Production In Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies

Cannon

Nedergaard

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

592

610

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SummaryAlterations in nonshivering thermogenesis are presently discussed as being both potentially causative of and able to counteract obesity. However, the necessity for mammals to defend their body temperature means that the ambient temperature profoundly affects the outcome and interpretation of metabolic experiments. An adequate understanding and assessment of nonshivering thermogenesis is therefore paramount for metabolic studies. Classical nonshivering thermogenesis is facultative, i.e. it is only activated when an animal acutely requires extra heat (switched on in minutes), and adaptive, i.e. it takes weeks for an increase in capacity to develop. Nonshivering thermogenesis is fully due to brown adipose tissue activity; adaptation corresponds to the recruitment of this tissue. Diet-induced thermogenesis is probably also facultative and adaptive and due to brown adipose tissue activity. Although all mammals respond to injected/infused norepinephrine (noradrenaline) with an increase in metabolism, in non-adapted mammals this increase mainly represents the response of organs not involved in nonshivering thermogenesis; only the increase after adaptation represents nonshivering thermogenesis. Thermogenesis (metabolism) should be expressed per animal, and not per body mass [not even to any power (0.75 or 0.66)]. A 'cold tolerance test' does not examine nonshivering thermogenesis capacity; rather it tests shivering capacity and endurance. For mice, normal animal house temperatures are markedly below thermoneutrality, and the mice therefore have a metabolic rate and food consumption about 1.5 times higher than their intrinsic requirements. Housing and examining mice at normal house temperatures carries a high risk of identifying false positives for intrinsic metabolic changes; in particular, mutations/treatments that affect the animal's insulation (fur, skin) may lead to such problems. Correspondingly, true alterations in intrinsic metabolic rate remain undetected when metabolism is examined at temperatures below thermoneutrality. Thus, experiments with animals kept and examined at thermoneutrality are likely to yield an improved possibility of identifying agents and genes important for human energy balance.

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“…This due to an open reading frame on the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene in the porcine species meaning that UCP1 is not expressed (Berg et al 2006). However, it has more recently been suggested that BAT is present in young piglets because of the different morphological appearances of adipocytes within perirenal adipose tissue in 2-week-old females (Attig et al 2008).…”

Section: Thematic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs, however, it has long been considered that BAT is not present (Trayhurn et al 1989) and the newborn is primarily dependent on shivering thermogenesis in muscle in order to prevent hypothermia at birth (Symonds & Lomax 1992). This due to an open reading frame on the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene in the porcine species meaning that UCP1 is not expressed (Berg et al 2006). However, it has more recently been suggested that BAT is present in young piglets because of the different morphological appearances of adipocytes within perirenal adipose tissue in 2-week-old females (Attig et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UCP1 is present in porcine adipose tissue and is responsive to postnatal leptin

Mostyn¹,

Attig²,

Larcher³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be accompanied by inadequate thermoregulation, especially in piglets that are not considered to possess any brown adipose tissue (BAT) and are thus entirely dependent on shivering thermogenesis in order to maintain body temperature after birth. Leptin can stimulate heat production by promoting non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT, but whether this response occurs in piglets is unknown. Newborn female piglets that were characterised as showing IUGR (mean birth weight of approximately 0.98 kg) were therefore administered injections of either saline or leptin once a day for the first 5 days of neonatal life. The dose of leptin was 0.5 mg/kg, which is sufficient to increase plasma leptin by approximately tenfold and on the day of birth induced a rapid increase in body temperature to values similar to those of normal-sized 'control' piglets (mean birth weight of w1.47 kg). Perirenal adipose tissue was then sampled from all offspring at 21 days of age and the presence of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. UCP1 was clearly detectable in all samples analysed and its abundance was significantly reduced in the IUGR piglets that had received saline compared with controls, but was raised to the same amount as in controls in those IUGR females given leptin. There were no differences in gene expression between primary markers of brown and white adipose tissues between groups. In conclusion, piglets possess BAT that when stimulated exogenously by leptin can promote increased body temperature. IntroductionBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is essential for effective adaptation to cold exposure of the extra-uterine environment in precocial species such as sheep in which there is rapid activation of BAT around the time of birth (Clarke et al. 1997). In pigs, however, it has long been considered that BAT is not present (Trayhurn et al. 1989) and the newborn is Journal of Endocrinology Thematic ResearchA MOSTYN and others UCP1 and leptin in porcine 223:1 M31-M38http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org Ñ 2014 Society for Endocrinology DOI: 10.1530/JOE-14-0155Printed in Great BritainPublished by Bioscientifica Ltd.primarily dependent on shivering thermogenesis in muscle in order to prevent hypothermia at birth (Symonds & Lomax 1992). This due to an open reading frame on the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene in the porcine species meaning that UCP1 is not expressed (Berg et al. 2006). However, it has more recently been suggested that BAT is present in young piglets because of the different morphological appearances of adipocytes within perirenal adipose tissue in 2-week-old females (Attig et al. 2008). However, this remains to be confirmed by direct measurements of UCP1. Moreover, our understanding of BAT has now been transformed as a consequence of the discovery of beige adipocytes that express UCP1 at approximately 10% of the amount observed in classical BAT , Wu et al. 2013, but whether comparable depots are be pr...

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The Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene (UCP1) Is Disrupted in the Pig Lineage: A Genetic Explanation for Poor Thermoregulation in Piglets

Cited by 142 publications

References 12 publications

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies

UCP1 is present in porcine adipose tissue and is responsive to postnatal leptin

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