The Unbalanced Uruguay Round Outcome: The New Areas in Future WTO Negotiations

Finger, J. Michael; Nogués, Julio J.

doi:10.1111/1467-9701.00435

Cited by 70 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the commitments stemming from the UR agreements, Finger and Nogues (2002) note that at the end of the UR, developing countries were faced with the choice of accepting what was proposed or risk being marginalized in the international trade regime. 22 As for engagement in North-South integration agreements, Baldwin (1997) notes a domino effect: existing North-South preferential agreements tempt non-members to join so as not to lose out on access to sizeable export markets and sources of FDI.…”

Section: National and International Measures To Enlarge Policy Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Space: What, for What, and Where?

Mayer¹

2009

Development Policy Review

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This article examines how developing countries can use, and enlarge, existing policy space, without opting out of international commitments. It argues that: (i) a meaningful context for policy space must extend beyond trade policy and include macroeconomic and exchange‐rate policies that will achieve developmental goals more effectively; (ii) policy space depends not only on international rules but also on the impact of international market conditions and policy decisions taken in other countries on the effectiveness of national policy instruments; and (iii) international integration affects policy space through several factors that pull in opposite directions; whether it increases or reduces policy space differs by country and type of integration.

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Section: National and International Measures To Enlarge Policy Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Space: What, for What, and Where?

Mayer¹

2009

Development Policy Review

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“…However, most developing countries such as Uganda have not been able to participate in WTO matters in a way that effectively serves their interests, because of their limited knowledge, financial and human resources and coordination. Finger and Schuler (1999) and Finger and Nogues (2001) show that only 65 developing countries were members of GATT/WTO when the UR began in 1987, 20 of which did not have delegations in Geneva; 15 developing countries were represented from Embassies in other European cities and 5 developing countries by delegation based in their national capitals. As a result, Uganda never participated regularly in the negotiations, and thus problems in implementing WTO requirements may partly be due to problems in implementing Agreements in whose negotiations she never meaningfully participated.…”

Section: Multilateral Trade System and Trade Reformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Reforms and Horizontal Inequalities: The Case of Uganda

Matovu

2012

Eur J Dev Res

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Uganda has undertaken various trade policy reforms over the past 15 years. The size and dispersion of tariffs have been substantially reduced; export taxes have been abolished; quantitative trade restrictions and non-tariff barriers to trade (such as trade licensing, prohibitions/bans, quotas, administrative pricing and foreign exchange rate controls) have been greatly reduced. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, we implement simulations reflecting the various trade reforms that have been undertaken. Broadly, we find that reducing tariffs would have an impact on reducing poverty especially in the Northern and Eastern regions. All trade reforms would have an impact on reducing inequality within the regions, although this impact is found to be generally small.Depuis une quinzaine d 0 anne´es, l 0 Ouganda a entrepris diverses re´formes de politiques commerciales. La taille et dispersion des tarifs douaniers ont e´te´conside´rablement re´duites, les taxes a`l 0 exportation ont e´te´supprime´es, les restrictions quantitatives aux e´changes ainsi que les obstacles non tarifaires au commerce (telles que les licences commerciales, les prohibitions et interdictions, les contingents, la tarification administrative et les controˆles des taux de change) ont e´te´conside´rablement re´duits. A l 0 aide d 0 un mode`le dynamique d 0 EGC, nous conduisons des simulations refle´tant les diffe´rentes re´formes commerciales entreprises. Globalement, nous constatons qu 0 une baisse des tarifs douaniers aurait un impact sur la re´duction de la pauvrete´, particulie`rement dans les re´gions du Nord et de l 0 Est. Meˆme si cet effet resterait modeste, toute re´forme commerciale contribuerait a`re´duire les ine´galite´s au sein des re´gions.

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“…Overall evidence is mixed, while controlling for trade flows as a proxy for expected disputes, some scholars find evidence of lack of legal resources while others suggest power asymmetry as the key factor for explaining the number of actual cases launched (Busch and Reinhardt 2002;Guzman and Simmons 2005;Kim 2008;Bown 2009;Sattler and Bernauer 2010). In addition, some work has focused 4 There have been many critical studies focusing on welfare transfer from the South to the North resulting from the Uruguay Round, e.g., Finger and Nogués (2002). 5 Examples include case studies on the negotiations that brought about a public health related opt-out from the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), e.g., Drezner (2007).…”

Section: Current Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%