The (un)making of marine park subjects: Environmentality and everyday resistance in a coastal Tanzanian village

Raycraft, Justin

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104696

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Likewise, many SSFs felt they were not able to meaningfully, or effectively participate in MPA processes and decision making, fueling feelings of disrespect. This context resulted in a long-standing conflict, resistance, and widespread non-compliance to conservation regulations that continue to have serious implications for MBREMP's success (Raycraft, 2020). For SSFs in MBREMP, processes of knowledge exchange and learning were central to their relational wellbeing.…”

Section: Reciprocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Matter: Assessing the Impacts of a Marine Protected Area on Human Wellbeing and Relational Values in Southern Tanzania

Baker

Murray

Kaijage³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The push to meet global marine conservation targets has significantly increased the scope and scale of marine protected areas (MPAs) worldwide. While the benefits derived from MPA establishment are often optimistically framed as a “win-win” for both marine biodiversity and for the wellbeing of coastal peoples, this assumption is challenged for several reasons, including the fact that current science and practice frequently fails to account for the full impact of MPAs on human wellbeing. This context poses a danger that the context specific, place based aspects of wellbeing, like relations to others and the marine environment, will not be accounted for, examined, or reported in evaluation and decision-making processes. To address this challenge, this research investigates how MPA implementation can change and challenge the relational wellbeing and relational values of small-scale fishers (SSFs) living in Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park, Tanzania. Fieldwork occurred over 2019–2020 and used qualitative data collection methods, including: 140 semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and observation. Results highlight a dynamic interaction between the MPA and SSFs relational wellbeing, including how relational values inform everyday fishing practices, cultural and place identities, as well as interactions with others and connections to the marine environment. Top-down approaches used in MPA development worked against key relational values, including social cohesion, reciprocity, place, agency and self-determination to dismantle and disrupt the practices SSFs viewed as fundamental to their livelihood and collective wellbeing. Our findings serve as a starting point to better recognize the context specific factors that underlie relational wellbeing and give insight into how relational values shape social-ecological complexity within coastal communities. The paper highlights how the international marine conservation community can better account for and foster relational wellbeing and relational values to achieve the goals of both human wellbeing and marine biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Reciprocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Matter: Assessing the Impacts of a Marine Protected Area on Human Wellbeing and Relational Values in Southern Tanzania

Baker

Murray

Kaijage³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Others have challenged notions of territorialization that, they argue, overemphasize the structural power of the state, and examine how territorial control is resisted or shaped by resource users (Bluwstein and Lund, 2018; Rasmussen and Lund, 2018). Thus, contemporary notions of territorialization increasingly ascribe agency to local resource users (Raycraft, 2020), and to non-human actants such as fish and wildlife (Bear, 2013), to continuously negotiate and renegotiate spatial boundaries.…”

Section: State-led Territorialization Of Aquaculture Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territories of state-led aquaculture risk management: Thailand’s Plang Yai program

Bottema

Bush

Oosterveer

2020

Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space

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The Thai aquaculture sector faces a range of production, market and financial risks that extend beyond the private space of farms to include public spaces and shared resources. The Thai state has attempted to manage these shared risks through its Plang Yai (or ‘Big Area’) agricultural extension program. Using the lens of territorialization, this paper investigates how, through the Plang Yai program, risk management is institutionalized through spatially explicit forms of collaboration amongst farmers and between farmers and (non-)state actors. We focus on how four key policy instruments brought together under Plang Yai delimited multiple territories of risk management over shrimp and tilapia production in Chantaburi and Chonburi provinces. Our findings demonstrate how these policy instruments address risks through dissimilar but overlapping territories that are selectively biased toward facilitating the individual management of production risks, whilst enabling both the individual and collective management of market and financial risks. This raises questions about the suitability of addressing aquaculture risks by controlling farmer behavior through state-led designation of singular, spatially explicit areas. The findings also indicate the multiple roles of the state in territorializing risk management, providing a high degree of flexibility, which is especially valuable in landscapes shared by many users, connected to (global) value chains and facing diverse risks. In doing so we demonstrate that understanding the territorialization of production landscapes in a globalizing world requires a dynamic approach recognizing the multiplicity of territories that emerge in risk management processes.

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“…Traditionally applied risk management approaches, focused on farm-level strategies, appear unable to address area-level risks Bush, 2010, Bush et al, 2019). Similarly, the ability of currently dominant assurance models in the aquaculture sector, also applied at farmlevel, to foster the definition of and verification for claims about performance beyond the farm are being questioned (Resonance, 2019). In response to this, both public and private actors are experimenting with approaches that promote addressing aquaculture risks beyond the farm.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Aquaculture Risk Management Beyond the Farmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First and foremost, managing risks beyond farm scale opens up new relations of trust and requires collaboration between farmers, which is likely to be challenging in an industry with limited success stories of collective action (Hall, 2004). Furthermore, if external actors (for example, the market, the government or assurers) are obliging or incentivizing farmers to collaboratively address shared production risks, this raises questions about what type of mechanisms must be applied to provide trust and confidence about performance in areas (Resonance, 2019). Ultimately, this also raises the question whether new claims about area-level sustainability will be developed to match these area-level risk management approaches.…”

Section: Assurance In Aquaculture Value Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have challenged notions of territorialization that, they argue, overemphasize the structural power of the state, and examine how territorial control is resisted or shaped by resource users (Bluwstein andLund, 2018, Rasmussen and. Thus, contemporary notions of territorialization increasingly ascribe agency to local resource users (Raycraft, 2020), and to non-human actants such as fish and wildlife (Bear, 2013), to continuously negotiate and renegotiate spatial boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reimagining aquaculture risk management beyond the farm

Bottema¹

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List of figures List of tables List of abbreviationsCHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 The emergence of aquaculture risk management beyond the farm 1.2 Managing aquaculture risks beyond the farm 1.2.1 Area-level production risks 1.2.2 From farm-level to area-level risk management 1.2.3 Assurance in aquaculture value chains 1.3 Analyzing risk management beyond the farm 1.3.1 Aquaculture production space(s) 1.3.2 Risks in space 1.3.3 Institutionalizing risk management in space 1.4 Research objective 1.5 Methodology 1.5.1 Research design: case study research 1.5.2 Case study selection 1.5.3 Study areas 1.5.4 Data collection and analysis 1.6 Thesis outline CHAPTER 2 Moving beyond the shrimp farm: Spaces of shared environmental risk? Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Aquaculture space, environmental risks and social relations 2.3 Methodology 2.4 Contextualizing environmental risks in Kung Krabaen Bay and Kien Vang Forest 2.4.1 Kung Krabaen Bay: an area of closed systems 2.4.2 Kien Vang Forest: an area of open systems 2.5 The spaces of environmental risk management 2.5.1 On-farm risk management practices 2.5.2 Off-farm risk management practices 2.5.3 The spaces between: communication about environmental risks 2.6 Discussion 2.7 Conclusion 10 | CHAPTER 3 Institutionalizing area-level risk management: Limitations faced by the private sector in aquaculture improvement projects Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Private-led institutionalization of area-level risk management 3.3 Methodology 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Selva Shrimp: a top-down basic AIP 3.4.2 Hainan Tilapia: a bottom-up comprehensive AIP 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusion CHAPTER 4 Territories of state-led aquaculture risk management: Thailand's

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The (un)making of marine park subjects: Environmentality and everyday resistance in a coastal Tanzanian village

Cited by 18 publications

References 73 publications

Relationships Matter: Assessing the Impacts of a Marine Protected Area on Human Wellbeing and Relational Values in Southern Tanzania

Relationships Matter: Assessing the Impacts of a Marine Protected Area on Human Wellbeing and Relational Values in Southern Tanzania

Territories of state-led aquaculture risk management: Thailand’s Plang Yai program

Reimagining aquaculture risk management beyond the farm

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