Background and objectives
Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and the epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases continue to grow across the expanding industrialized world. Probing the relationships between evolved human physiology and modern socioecological condition is central to understanding this health crisis. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between increased market access, shifting subsistence patterns, and cardiometabolic health indicators within Daasanach semi-nomadic pastoralists who vary in their engagement in traditional lifestyle and emerging market behaviors.
Methodology
We conducted cross-sectional socioecological, demographic, and lifestyle stressor surveys along with health, biomarker, and nutrition examinations among 225 (51.6% female) Daasanach adults in 2019-2020. We used linear mixed effects models to test how differing levels of engagement in market integration and traditional subsistence activities related to blood pressure (BP), body composition, and blood chemistry.
Results
We found that systolic and diastolic BP, as well as probability of having high BP (hypertension), were negatively associated with distance to market, a proxy for market integration. Additionally, body composition varied significantly by socioeconomic status (SES), with significant positive associations between BMI and body fat and higher SES among adults.
Conclusions and Implications
While evidence for evolutionary mismatch and health variation have been found across a number of populations affected by an urban/rural divide, these results demonstrate effects of market integration and sedentarization on cardiometabolic health associated with the early stages of lifestyle changes. Our findings provide evidence for the changes in health when small-scale populations begin the processes of sedentarization and market integration that results from myriad market pressures.