The Ultrastructure of the Meristematic Cell,

Whaley, W. Gordon; Mollenhauer, Hilton H.; Leech, James H.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1960.tb10610.x

Cited by 143 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSION-The submicroscopic morphology of the normal barley shoot apex-Generally the ultrastructure of the cells in the region of the apex used in this study (Fig. 1) is similar to that described by Whaley, Mollenhauer, and Leech (1960) for root meristems, although some of the inclusions they described for root cells have not been observed. For example, the "lipid bodies" and the clusters of transparent or single dense inclusions are apparently missing from cells of barley shoot apices.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

Studies on Submicroscopic Aspects of Mineral Deficiencies. I. Calcium Deficiency in the Shoot Apex of Barley

Marinos¹

1962

American J of Botany

117

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Marinos, Nicos G. (Waite Agric. Res. Inst., Adelaide, S.A., Australia.) Studies on submicroscopic aspects of mineral deficiencies. I. Calcium deficiency in the shoot apex of barley. Amer Jour. Bot. 49(8): 834–841. Illus. 1962.—The apical dome of the shoot apex of barley, or other cereals, is suitable for the study of submicroscopic cytological changes induced by specific mineral deficiencies because of the many uniform cells available. Also, the well‐defined stages of development of the entire apex make possible, in certain cases, the correlation between growth responses and changes in cell structure. The ultrastructure of shoot apex meristematic cells, after KMnO4 fixation, is fundamentally similar to that of root meristems. The effects of Ca deficiency on cell ultrastructure appear rather suddenly and it has not been possible to reveal unequivocably the initial sequence of events. The first indisputable signs of structural abnormalities appear when the nuclear envelope and the plasma and vacuolar membranes break up and “structureless areas” appear in the cells, followed by the disorganization of other structures like mitochondria and Golgi apparatus, while plastids are more persistent although eventually they also disintegrate. With the progress of Ca deficiency, the cell walls stain darker and gaps may appear, indicating a weakening of their structure. This evidence suggests that Ca is essential for the maintenance and probably for the formation of cell‐membrane systems on which the functional integrity of cell metabolism is dependent; Ca effects on cell walls are probably secondary to those changes already described.

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Studies on Submicroscopic Aspects of Mineral Deficiencies. I. Calcium Deficiency in the Shoot Apex of Barley

Marinos¹

1962

American J of Botany

117

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“…Dangeard also reports the presence of amyloplasts in the apical cells of many conifers, an observation that Gifford corroborated in a personal communication. The electron microscope confirms the presence of definite amyloplasts in meristematic cells, as a perusal of the plates in the following papers illustrates: Buvat (1958); Caporali (1958); Whaley, Mollenhauer, and Leech (1960); Mollenhauer, Whaley, and Leech (1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in the Fine Structure of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria During Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Development

Weier

1963

American J of Botany

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Weier, T. E. (U. California, Davis.) Changes in the fine structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria during phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(6):604–611. Illus. 1963.—“There are few of the cytoplasmic formed bodies that have not been supposed to bo the products of mitochondria; but few of these conclusions have not been contradicted by other observers.” Thus E. B. Wilson wrote in 1925. Were he on the scene today, his comment might be broader in scope, for the literature of fine structure is already replete with hypotheses transforming one organelle into another, largely on the basis of 2‐dimensional static profiles and with scant regard for genetical or biochemical consequences. And but few of these transformations have not been questioned by other observers. The aim of this review is to bring together some of these reports on transformations as they relate to plastids and mitochondria, to point out some of the biochemical consequences, and to suggest an approach to plant cellular biology involving a combination of comparative ultrastructure and comparative biochemistry which, it is hoped, might avoid the development of the impasse at the ultrastructural level into which the light microscopists of a half‐century ago worked themselves.

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“…Current indications are that this fraction too possesses a structure not quite resolved by present methods (87,90,140). This matrix separates and supports the particulate structures of the cell, contains many of the "soluble" enzymes, and absorbs and perhaps produces the shears and stresses accompanying cytoplasmic streaming (140).…”

Section: Respiration and Cellular Work During Senescencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The osmotic properties of vacuoles have been clearly demon strated (87). The origin of the tonoplast and the means of the maintenance of its permeability properties are highly uncertain (87,90). Probably many events observed in the final stages of senescence result from the leakage of such substances as phenols from the vacuole and their consequent interaction with the remaining functional elements of the cell (137,138).…”

Section: Respiration and Cellular Work During Senescencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…(32,67,87,88,89) but as yet we have no satis factory answer to the questions posed. It is clear that there is a great similarity in the structure and function of plant mitochondria derived from a wide variety of tissues, and that plant mitochondria are closely comparable to animal mitochondria (87,90). There appears to be a definite development of the internal structure of mitochondria in the meristematic cells of both corn roots (91) and pea roots (92) from a more or less homogenous interior to one with well defined cristae.…”

Section: Respiration and Cellular Work During Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

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