The ultrastructure of the amebocyte-producing organ in Biomphalariaglabrata

Jeong, K.H.; Lie, Kian Joe; Heyneman, Donald

doi:10.1016/0145-305x(83)90003-4

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata, an amebocyte-producing organ (APO) has been described based upon the observation in phase contrast microscopy of mitoses in the cardiac region (Jeong et al, 1983). Moreover, infestation by parasites appeared to increase the mitotic index of APO (Salamat and Sullivan, 2008) while other investigations (dos Santos Souza and Araujo Andrade, 2012) underlined the need for specific markers to characterize precursors and differentiated hemocytes in order to settle this matter in B. glabrata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Jèmaà

Morin

Cavelier

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Long-lived animals show a non-observable age-related decline in immune defense, which is provided by blood cells that derive from self-renewing stem cells. The oldest living animals are bivalves. Yet, the origin of hemocytes, the cells involved in innate immunity, is unknown in bivalves and current knowledge about mollusk adult somatic stem cells is scarce. Here we identify a population of adult somatic precursor cells and show their differentiation into hemocytes. Oyster gill contains an as yet unreported irregularly folded structure (IFS) with stem-like cells bathing into the hemolymph. BrdU labeling revealed that the stem-like cells in the gill epithelium and in the nearby hemolymph replicate DNA. Proliferation of this cell population was further evidenced by phosphorylated-histone H3 mitotic staining. Finally, these small cells, most abundant in the IFS epithelium, were found to be positive for the stemness marker Sox2. We provide evidence for hematopoiesis by showing that co-expression of Sox2 and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, a hemocyte-specific enzyme, does not occur in the gill epithelial cells but rather in the underlying tissues and vessels. We further confirm the hematopoietic features of these cells by the detection of Filamin, a protein specific for a subpopulation of hemocytes, in large BrdU-labeled cells bathing into gill vessels. Altogether, our data show that progenitor cells differentiate into hemocytes in the gill, which suggests that hematopoiesis occurs in oyster gills.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Jèmaà

Morin

Cavelier

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Shield's abstract [57] reported increased numbers of "stem cells" in those animals afflicted with 'withering syndrome', but these were identified on morphology alone (personal communication) and may not be precursors of fully differentiated haemocytes. An amoebocyte producing organ (APO) has been identified in the pulmonate gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata, located between the pericardium and the posterior epithelium of the mantle cavity and in the blood sinuses of the ventricle [55,[58][59][60]. In L. truncatula and L. stagnalis, haemocytes divide in the haemolymph, in connective tissue and at the site of wound repair, with no well-defined amoebocyte…”

Section: Haemacytopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and immune responses in abalone: Limitations in current knowledge and investigative methods based on other models

Hooper

Day

Slocombe

et al. 2007

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

184

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“…Both morphologically and functionally, these cells resemble cells of the vertebrate monocytemacrophage series (Jeong et al 1983, Bezerra et al 2003. Experimental evidence has been accumulated assigning the production and storage of hemocytes to the hematopoietic organ, a structure that is located on the wall of the pericardium and posterior epithelium of the mollusk mantle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental evidence has been accumulated assigning the production and storage of hemocytes to the hematopoietic organ, a structure that is located on the wall of the pericardium and posterior epithelium of the mollusk mantle. That organ, also known as amebocyte-producing organ or APO, is composed of a small quantity of primary ameboblasts that rest on a loose reticulum, which is formed by extensions of smooth muscles and fibroblasts (Jeong et al 1983). In a recent study, Sullivan et al (2004) reported an increase in the frequency of cell mitosis in the APO of B. glabrata following the inoculation of miracidia or cercariae antigens of S. mansoni.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary culture of the region of the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni

Barbosa

Silva

Coelho³

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Biomphalaria glabrata snails are major hosts for the digenetic trematoda Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of human schistosomiasis. The success or failure of the infection will be dependent on the mobilization of the molluskan internal defense system, where a major role will be played by circulating hemocytes produced by the APO (amebocyte-producing organ) Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni Sambom, 1907. The disease is prevalent in 54 countries and territories of Africa, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and South America. It is estimated that 130 million people are infected with this species of parasite (Chitsulo et al. 2000). Although several advances have been achieved in the control of the schistosomiasis morbidity, mainly due to the development of new low toxicity and highly effective drugs against the parasite, it is still an endemic disease, whose control and/or eradication is very difficult in the wide regions where it occurs. The affected patients become debilitated, thus impairing the socio-economic development of the affected countries. In Brazil, it is estimated that eight million people are infected, whereas thirty million are at high risk of infection, since they live in hyper endemic areas (Katz 1997 In the S. mansoni-Biomphalaria interaction, besides the stringent physiological and biochemical compatibility between host and parasite, the success or failure of the infection will be strongly determined by the efficacy of the internal defense system of the snail. When in contact with the infective agent, the endogenous defense mechanisms of the mollusk are immediately activated, mediated by circulating effectors cells (hemocytes) and by soluble factors which are present in the hemolymph. Among these factors, lectins with specific carbohydratebinding capacities play an important role by immobilizing foreign objects by agglutination, promoting phagocytes by the hemocytes or even acting as cytophilic receptors for non-self recognition (Van der Knaap & Loker 1990).The hemocytes of Biomphalaria are capable of phagocytosis, encapsulation and, finally, destruction of the infective agents. Both morphologically and functionally, these cells resemble cells of the vertebrate monocytemacrophage series (Jeong et al. 1983, Bezerra et al. 2003. Experimental evidence has been accumulated assigning the production and storage of hemocytes to the hematopoietic organ, a structure that is located on the wall of the pericardium and posterior epithelium of the mollusk mantle. That organ, also known as amebocyte-producing organ or APO, is composed of a small quantity of primary ameboblasts that rest on a loose reticulum, which is formed by extensions of smooth muscles and fibroblasts (Jeong et al. 1983). In a recent study, Sullivan et al. (2004) reported an increase in the frequency of cell mitosis in the APO of B. glabrata following the inoculation of miracidia or cercariae antigens of S. mansoni. The mitotic ratio was intensified in Biomphalaria strai...

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The ultrastructure of the amebocyte-producing organ in Biomphalariaglabrata

Cited by 70 publications

References 22 publications

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Stress and immune responses in abalone: Limitations in current knowledge and investigative methods based on other models

Primary culture of the region of the amebocyte-producing organ of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni

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