The Ultrastructure and Biochemistry of Meniscal Cartilage

McDevitt, Cahir A.; Webber, Richard J.

doi:10.1097/00003086-199003000-00003

Cited by 342 publications

(290 citation statements)

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“…1 Proper functioning of the meniscus depends on the composition and organization of its extracellular matrix (ECM). 2 Collagen fibers provide tensile strength, and proteoglycans resist compression. Type I collagen, the predominant collagen in the body, accounts for >90% of the meniscal collagen and is present throughout the meniscus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, type II collagen is restricted to the inner region of the meniscus. 2 The outer two-thirds of the bovine meniscus consists solely of type I collagen, whereas a significant portion of fibrillar collagen in the inner meniscus is composed of type II collagen. 3 Cartilaginous tissuespecific type II collagen co-localizes with type I in the canine meniscus, except for the outer peripheral zone.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanical stretch enhances COL2A1 expression on chromatin by inducing SOX9 nuclear translocalization in inner meniscus cells

Kanazawa

Furumatsu

Hachioji

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:The meniscus plays an important role in controlling the biomechanics of the knee. However, the mechanical stress-related response in meniscus cells remains unclear. We investigated mechanical stretch-regulated gene expression in human meniscus cells. Human inner and outer meniscus cells were prepared from the inner and outer halves of the lateral meniscus. The gene expressions of Sry-type HMG box (SOX) 9 and a1(II) collagen (COL2A1) were assessed by real-time PCR analyses after cyclic tensile strain (CTS) treatment (0.5 Hz, 5% stretch). The localization and phosphorylation of SOX9 were evaluated by immunohistochemical and Western blot (WB) analyses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis was performed to assess the stretch-related protein-DNA complex formation between SOX9 and the COL2A1 enhancer on chromatin. Type II collagen deposition and SOX9 production were detected only in inner menisci. CTS treatments increased expression of the COL2A1 and SOX9 genes in inner meniscus cells, but not in outer meniscus cells. In addition, CTS treatments stimulated nuclear translocalization and phosphorylation of SOX9 in inner meniscus cells. Chromatin IP analyses revealed that CTS increased the association between SOX9 and its DNA-binding site, included in the COL2A1 enhancer, on chromatin. Our results indicate that inner and outer meniscus cells have different properties in mechanical stretchinduced COL2A1 expression. In inner meniscus cells, mechanical stretch may have an essential role in the epigenetic regulation of COL2A1 expression. ß

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confidence: 99%

Mechanical stretch enhances COL2A1 expression on chromatin by inducing SOX9 nuclear translocalization in inner meniscus cells

Kanazawa

Furumatsu

Hachioji

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…These structures are essential for the normal biomechanical function of the knee, including load bearing, shock absorption, joint congruity, and joint stability (1)(2)(3). The meniscus contains 60-70% water and ϳ70% collagen by dry weight (4), as well as smaller amounts of proteoglycans, noncollagenous proteins, lipids, and cells (5). The extracellular matrix is maintained by meniscal fibrochondrocytes that exhibit phenotype characteristics of both fibroblasts and chondrocytes (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced integrative repair of the porcine meniscus in vitro by inhibition of interleukin‐1 or tumor necrosis factor α

McNulty

Moutos

Weinberg

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To examine the hypotheses that increasing concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) inhibit the integrative repair of the knee meniscus in an in vitro model system, and that inhibitors of these cytokines will enhance repair.Methods. Explants (8 mm in diameter) were harvested from porcine medial menisci. To simulate a full-thickness defect, a 4-mm-diameter core was removed and reinserted. Explants were cultured for 14, 28, or 42 days in the presence of 0-1,000 pg/ml of IL-1 or TNF␣. Explants were also cultured in the presence of IL-1 or TNF␣ with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or TNF monoclonal antibody (mAb). At the end of the culture period, biomechanical testing, cell viability, and histologic analyses were performed to quantify the extent of repair.Results. Mechanical testing revealed increased repair strength, cell accumulation, and tissue formation at the interface over time under control conditions. Pathophysiologic concentrations of both IL-1 and TNF␣ significantly decreased repair strength, cell migration, and tissue formation at the interface. The addition of IL-1Ra or TNF mAb to explants prevented the effects of IL-1 or TNF␣, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings document that physiologically relevant concentrations of IL-1 and TNF␣ inhibit meniscal repair in vitro and therefore may also inhibit meniscal repair during arthritis or following joint injury. The finding that IL-1Ra and TNF mAb promoted integrative meniscal repair in an inflammatory microenvironment suggests that intraarticular delivery of IL-1Ra and/or TNF mAb may be useful clinically to promote meniscal healing following injury.

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“…This predisposition occurs because the characteristics of the meniscus allow this tissue to perform the well-known functions that provide improved load distribution across the chondral surface, such as increased joint congruence. The meniscus is composed of not only proteoglycans and extracellular matrix [6] but also primarily fibrocartilage that is rich in type-3 collagen [7,8], which forms networks predominantly oriented circumferentially and radially. Therefore, part of the load imposed on the knee joint during daily activities is dissipated, resulting in lower energy transmission to the chondral surface and consequently reduced biomechanical wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates in biological therapies for knee injuries: menisci

Kaleka

Debieux

Astur

et al. 2014

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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The preservation of meniscal tissue is paramount for long-term joint function, especially in younger patients who are athletically active. Many studies have reported encouraging results following the repair of meniscus tears, including both simple longitudinal tears located in the periphery and complex multiplanar tears that extend into the central third avascular region. However, most types of meniscal lesions are managed with a partial meniscectomy. Options to restore the meniscus range from an allograft transplantation to the use of synthetic and biological technologies. Recent studies have demonstrated good long-term outcomes with meniscal allograft transplantation, although the indications and techniques continue to evolve, and the long-term chondroprotective potential of this approach has yet to be determined. Several synthetic implants, most of which are approved in the European market, have shown some promise for replacing part of or the entire meniscus, including collagen meniscal implants, hydrogels, and polymer scaffolds. Currently, there is no ideal implant generated by means of tissue engineering. However, meniscus tissue engineering is a fast developing field that promises to develop an implant that mimics the histologic and biomechanical properties of a native meniscus.

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The Ultrastructure and Biochemistry of Meniscal Cartilage

Cited by 342 publications

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Mechanical stretch enhances COL2A1 expression on chromatin by inducing SOX9 nuclear translocalization in inner meniscus cells

Mechanical stretch enhances COL2A1 expression on chromatin by inducing SOX9 nuclear translocalization in inner meniscus cells

Enhanced integrative repair of the porcine meniscus in vitro by inhibition of interleukin‐1 or tumor necrosis factor α

Updates in biological therapies for knee injuries: menisci

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