The ultrastructural architecture of the adult Schistosoma japonicum tegument

Gobert, Geoffrey N.; Stenzel, Deborah; McManus, Donald P.; Jones, Malcolm K.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00255-8

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is known that the surface membrane of human schistosomes is renewed by means of abundant membraneous and elongated (discoid) bodies synthesized in subtegumental cells and transported to the surface [7,23]. Also the surface of T. regenti schistosomula undergoes intensive changes during development [15]; the spherical and elongated bodies recognized by IgG antibody in the present study may play the same role in delivery of molecules to the surface membrane of schistosomula.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Trichobilharzia regenti: Antigenic structures of intravertebrate stages

Chanová

Lichtenbergová²,

Bulantová

et al. 2011

Open Life Sciences

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Like several other bird schistosomes, neurotropic schistosome of Trichobilharzia regenti can invade also mammals, including humans. Repeated infections cause cercarial dermatitis, a skin inflammatory reaction leading to parasite elimination in non-specific mammalian hosts. However, in experimentally primo-infected mice, the worms escape from the skin and migrate to the central nervous system. In order to evade host immune reactions, schistosomes undergo cercaria/schistosomulum transformation accompanied with changes of surface antigens. The present study is focused on localization of the main antigens of T. regenti; cercariae, schistosomula developed under different conditions and adults were compared. Antigens were localized by immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry using sera of mice repeatedly infected with T. regenti. Detected antibody targets were located in glycocalyx and penetration glands of cercariae and in tegument of cercariae, schistosomula and adults. Shedding of cercarial glycocalyx significantly reduced surface reactivity; further decrease was reported during ongoing development of schistosomula. Spherical bodies, probably transported from subtegumental cell bodies to worm surface, were identified as the most reactive tegumental structures. Based on similar results for schistosomula developed in specific, non-specific hosts and in vitro, it seems that the ability of T. regenti to decrease the surface immunoreactivity during ontogenesis is independent on the host type.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Trichobilharzia regenti: Antigenic structures of intravertebrate stages

Chanová

Lichtenbergová²,

Bulantová

et al. 2011

Open Life Sciences

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“…The tegument is supported by cell bodies that lie embedded in the parasite parenchyma (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003). The apical cytoplasm of the tegument and the cell bodies are linked by cytoplasmic bridges, which traverse the muscle bundles lying beneath the parasite tegument ( Figure 1B) (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003).…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Schistosome Tegumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apical cytoplasm of the tegument and the cell bodies are linked by cytoplasmic bridges, which traverse the muscle bundles lying beneath the parasite tegument ( Figure 1B) (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003). Tegumentary cell bodies contain the synthetic machinery of the syncytium, including endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and produce abundant vesicular products that are trafficked to the tegument along cytoplasmic bridges (Figure 3).…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Schistosome Tegumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Invaginations of the surface membrane complex, as well as in the basal membrane of the cytoplasm (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003;Skelly and Wilson, 2006), are structural evidence of high turnover of these membranes (Brouwers et al, 1999), a process that is related to nutrient uptake and a way of avoiding the host immune response by internalizing antibodies and removing possible antigenic molecules from the surface . Membrane internalization and translocation events are driven by a complex interplay of multiple membrane proteins including the TSP-enriched microdomains (TEMs) (Tran et al, 2010;Jia et al, 2014).…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Schistosome Tegumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEMs are protein complexes formed about a membrane-resident TSPs, which act as scaffold proteins for the multiple fusion and scission activities of plasma membrane (Hemler, 2008). For S.mansoni, TEM residents include a variety of proteins strongly linked to the apical plasma membrane, including schistosome annexins B30, Sm29, a dysferlin, calpain, fructose-biphosphate aldolase, heat shock protein 70 and actin (Jia et al, 2014).The tegument is supported by cell bodies that lie embedded in the parasite parenchyma (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003). The apical cytoplasm of the tegument and the cell bodies are linked by cytoplasmic bridges, which traverse the muscle bundles lying beneath the parasite tegument ( Figure 1B) (Hockley, 1973;Gobert et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure–function analysis of apical membrane‐associated molecules of the tegument of schistosome parasites of humans: prospects for identification of novel targets for parasite control

Leow

Willis

Hofmann

et al. 2014

British J Pharmacology

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Neglected tropical diseases are a group of some 17 diseases that afflict poor and predominantly rural people in developing nations. One significant disease that contributes to substantial morbidity in endemic areas is schistosomiasis, caused by infection with one of five species of blood fluke belonging to the trematode genus Schistosoma. Although there is one drug available for treatment of affected individuals in clinics, or for mass administration in endemic regions, there is a need for new therapies. A prominent target organ of schistosomes, either for drug or vaccine development, is the peculiar epithelial syncytium that forms the body wall (tegument) of this parasite. This dynamic layer is maintained and organized by concerted activity of a range of proteins, among which are the abundant tegumentary annexins. In this review, we will outline advances in structure-function analyses of these annexins, as a means to understanding tegument cell biology in host-parasite interaction and their potential exploitation as targets for anti-schistosomiasis therapies. LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Annexins VII Programme. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-7 Abbreviations Anx, annexin; NTDs, neglected tropical diseases; RA, radiation attenuated; Sm, Schistosoma mansoni; TEMs, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains; TSP, tetraspanin Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)NTDs include some 17 lesser known chronic infections that affect poor and disenfranchised people, primarily, but not exclusively, in developing nations (Hotez et al., 2007;Hotez and Fenwick, 2009). Chronic infections caused by NTDs lead to many adverse outcomes in affected populations and contribute substantially to human morbidity. In addition to microbial and protozoan diseases, NTDs include a number of helminth infections, such as diseases caused by flatworm parasites, notably schistosomiasis, echinococcosis and liver fluke diseases, as well as roundworm parasites, such as the major soil transmitted helminth infections (ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm diseases). Although no individual NTD rivals the major infectious threats of HIV, malaria or tuberculosis in terms of global impact of disease, collectively, the NTDs contribute substantially to morbidity throughout the world (Engels and Savioli, 2006). A number of factors present major challenges for the development of new treatments for NTDs. Firstly, NTDs are chronic diseases, which may reside in affected people as lifelong infections. Secondly, NTDs are not always associated with human mortality and the burden of these diseases can be subtle, hidden among such other measures of disease burden as hindered development, poor cognitive function and chronic ailments. Thirdly, as stated, NTDs often affect the poorest of the poor, people often unable to pay for medical treatments, especially for chronic illnesses. Hence, these diseases receive less attention than other, immediately lifethreatening infectious diseases. La...

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The cytoskeleton and motor proteins of human schistosomes and their roles in surface maintenance and host–parasite interactions

et al. 2004

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Schistosomes are parasitic blood flukes, responsible for significant human disease in tropical and developing nations. Here we review information on the organization of the cytoskeleton and associated motor proteins of schistosomes, with particular reference to the organization of the syncytial tegument, a unique cellular adaptation of these and other neodermatan flatworms. Extensive EST databases show that the molecular constituents of the cytoskeleton and associated molecular systems are likely to be similar to those of other eukaryotes, although there are potentially some molecules unique to schistosomes and platyhelminths. The biology of some components, particular those contributing to host-parasite interactions as well as chemotherapy and immunotherapy are discussed. Unresolved questions in relation to the structure and function of the tegument relate to dynamic organization of the syncytial layer.

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The ultrastructural architecture of the adult Schistosoma japonicum tegument

Cited by 71 publications

References 36 publications

Trichobilharzia regenti: Antigenic structures of intravertebrate stages

Trichobilharzia regenti: Antigenic structures of intravertebrate stages

Structure–function analysis of apical membrane‐associated molecules of the tegument of schistosome parasites of humans: prospects for identification of novel targets for parasite control

The cytoskeleton and motor proteins of human schistosomes and their roles in surface maintenance and host–parasite interactions

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