The ultrasound identification of fetal gender at the gestational age of 11–12 weeks

Gharekhanloo, Farideh

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_180_17

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Though the accuracy of this method may not be determined, it is non-invasive, no associated risk, no cost involved and it may reduce selective abortion. Thus we agree with [11], that prenatal sex determination has high accuracy in invisible procedures compared to other methods. This also agrees with other studies which found that women avoid some methods of contraception that are believed to interfere with foetal positions [15]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Foetal Position: Can It Be Used to Predict the Sex of Unborn Baby?

Limungi¹,

Kirigia²

2020

OJOG

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Sex is used to define the biological categorization of a human being as either a male or female. Globally, most of the pregnant women have expressed desire to know the sex of their babies prenatally. To determine sex of the baby before birth, both traditional and modern sex prediction methods have been used. The study aimed at answering the question; can foetal position and sex be related? If so, can it be used to predict the sex of the baby? Analytical perspective utilizing quantitative approach was conducted in a Referral County Hospital to collect data from a sample size of 340 women who were admitted in labour. Selection was done through convenience sampling method. Data were cross tabulated to determine variable frequencies and establish the association, while chi-square was used to test the study hypothesis. Overall results revealed statistically significant relationship between foetal position and sex of the baby (P = 0.001). Majority of female neonates (74.4%) had adopted right occipital anterior, while most of male neonates (57.4%) had adopted left occipital anterior. It follows then, that sex of the baby may be related to the foetal position. This knowledge may be used by the midwives to predict the foetal sex for the women who may not afford ultrasound scan. Further research may be necessary in a different setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is of great importance to know the sex of baby before birth [11]. Though, some of the pregnant women may need to know the sex of the baby due to curiosity, majority need to know the foetal sex as a measure to prepare for its birth by purchasing the requirement for the baby based on the identified sex [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal Position: Can It Be Used to Predict the Sex of Unborn Baby?

Limungi¹,

Kirigia²

2020

OJOG

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“…Hsiao et al 18 also show higher sensitivity of detecting the male gender. Similar results have been reported by Perri et al 20 Gharekhanloo et al 9 and Efrat et al 11 also showed a higher sensitivity of detecting the female gender in their studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In males, penis, and scrotal sacs with or without testes are demonstrated. The female foetuses reveal the absence of male organs; with better and newer equipment also demonstrating vulva, clitoris, and labia 9 . P J M H S Vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Ultrasound for Determination of Fetal Gender

Ammar¹,

Husnain²,

Arshad³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in determining the phenotypic foetal gender in all three trimesters. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Diagnostic Radiology Combined Military Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th April 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and seventy two patients in the inclusion criteria were selected. Ages of patients, gestational ages of foetuses and their genders were determined according to the ultrasonographic signs using ultrasound examination. Patients were contacted 3 weeks after the estimated date of delivery and phenotypic sex recorded. Results: Mean age was 34 years. Median gestational age was 21 weeks 3 days. Accuracy of gender determination by ultrasound in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters was 62%, 97% and 95% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 1st trimester for males are 66% and 72%; and for females are 72% and 66% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 69% and 71%; and for female are 71% and 69% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 2nd trimester for males are 95% and 100%; and for females are 100% and 95% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 100% and 94%; and for female are 94% and 100% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in 3rd trimester for males are 94% and 96%; and for females are 96% and 94% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for male are 97% and 93%; and for female are 93% and 97% respectively. Conclusion: There is a high accuracy of ultrasound in determination of fetal gender in second and third trimesters. Keywords: Ultrasound, Gender, Trimester, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value

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“…A total of 57 male fetuses were correctly identified as boys, and 8 female fetuses were wrongly identified as boys. The positive predictive value for the ultrasound imaging gender identification was 87.6% for the male fetuses and 96.8% for female fetuses (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Fetal Gender Determination in 11 to 14 Week of Gestational Age

2020

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Background: Early determination of fetal gender during pregnancy is essential for the early detection of gender-linked diseases in the fetus. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in determining fetal gender in pregnant mothers at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. Methods: The study included 227 pregnant mothers at 11 to 14 weeks of gestational age. Ultrasonography results were recorded for fetal gender determination based on gestational age and body mass index (BMI). Results: The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography for male gender determination were 91.73% and 99.05%, respectively. This value for female gender determination was 99.05% and 91.73%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that ultrasonography at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting gender, and its sensitivity in female gender determination was higher.

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The ultrasound identification of fetal gender at the gestational age of 11–12 weeks

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Foetal Position: Can It Be Used to Predict the Sex of Unborn Baby?

Foetal Position: Can It Be Used to Predict the Sex of Unborn Baby?

Accuracy of Ultrasound for Determination of Fetal Gender

Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Fetal Gender Determination in 11 to 14 Week of Gestational Age

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