The ultramicrodetermination of glycogen in liver. A comparison of the anthrone and reducing-sugar methods

Fong, Jean; Schaffer, Frederick L.; Kirk, Paul L.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(53)80009-3

Cited by 110 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Plasma from blood samples was collected by centrifugation, and triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose levels were quantified by colorimetric methods (Triglycerides SL, Cholesterol PAP SL and Glucose PAP SL; ELITech, Morelos, Mexico). Glycogen was assessed using the antrone method described by Fong et al [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Reyes‐Esparza

Mendoza-Rivera

Cruz-Cordero³

et al. 2012

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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In this study, we evaluated the effect of an analogue of L-carnitine on parameters involved with Metabolic Syndrome in obese Zucker rats. Twenty-four rats were treated for 5 weeks with L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) and its analogue at two concentrations (100 and 250 mg/kg) to assess their impact on glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver and blood samples, as well as the amount of liver glycogen. Liver slices were also analysed. The analogue reduced the levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver and the level of triglycerides in serum. At 100 mg/kg, the analogue proved more effective than L-carnitine in improving the biochemical alterations present in liver. The amount of liver glycogen content was higher in obese animals treated with both L-carnitine and the analogue. No changes on insulin and leptin were observed in animals treated. L-carnitine and its analogue reduced the microvesicular fatty infiltration in liver. This study demonstrated that the analogue tested is more potent and efficient than L-carnitine and improves the pharmacological profile of L-carnitine.Metabolic syndrome, syndrome 'X' or insulin resistance syndrome has been the focus of attention during the past 80 years [1]. Its importance lies in its multiple, interrelated risk factors for metabolic origin, which can lead to the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, prothrombotic state and pro-inflammatory state [2]. Other factors associated with metabolic syndrome are abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [3]. The main causes for the increase in the disease are obesity and diabetes mellitus among populations with a sedentary life pattern [4,5].L-carnitine is synthesized by mammals as a result of the synthesis of amino acids such as lysine or methionine and is also obtained from the diet [6,7]. Carnitine is an essential factor in transporting the long-chain fatty acids (acyl CoA) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria where the beta-oxidation takes place [8]. A large body of evidence suggests that carnitine and its derivatives acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine enhance glucose utilization by stimulating the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [9], which is a key enzymatic complex in glucose oxidation, because intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA can be converted with carnitine into acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) via the carnitine acetyltransferase that is then transported out of the mitochondria [10]. L-Carnitine is an amine key substrate in a family of carnitine acyltransferases, transferred reversibly between active units of acyl carnitine and co-enzyme A to preserve homoeostasis for a wide range of traffic that are crucial for acyl intermediary metabolism and cellular regulation [11].Various analogues of L-carnitine have been synthesized to study their mode of action and the structural features of their binding sites [12,13]. The phosphorus analogues of naturally occurring amino ac...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Reyes‐Esparza

Mendoza-Rivera

Cruz-Cordero³

et al. 2012

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…The glycogen content in liver tissue was determined by the anthrone method (Fong et al, 1953). Briefl y, 3 mL KOH 30% (w/v in distilled water) was added to 1 g of liver tissue and heated at 100 °C for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl₄‐induced liver cirrhosis

Gutiérrez

Alvarado

Presno

et al. 2009

Phytotherapy Research

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Rosmarinus offi cinalis (Lamiaceae) possesses antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, and so may provide a possible therapeutic alternative for chronic liver disease. The effect produced by a methanolic extract of Rosmarinus offi cinalis on CCl 4 -induced liver cirrhosis in rats was investigated using both prevention and reversion models. Over the course of the development of cirrhosis, the increased enzymatic activities of gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase, and the rise in bilirubin levels caused by CCl 4 administration, were prevented by Rosmarinus offi cinalis co-administration. When the cirrhosis by oxidative stress was evaluated as an increase on liver lipoperoxidation, total lipid peroxides, nitric oxide in serum, and loss of erythrocyte plasma membrane stability, R. offi cinalis was shown to prevent such alterations. On cirrhotic animals treated with CCl 4 , histological studies showed massive necrosis, periportal infl ammation and fi brosis which were modifi ed by R. offi cinalis. These benefi ts on experimental cirrhosis suggest a potential therapeutic use for R. offi cinalis as an alternative for liver cirrhosis.

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“…About 0.5 ml supernatant was taken and volume was made upto 1 ml followed by addition of 1 ml HCl (1N) and kept in water bath at boiling temperature. Thereafter, 4 ml anthrone (0.2%) was added and again kept in water bath for 10 min and optical density was recorded at 620 nm (Fong et al 1953;Jain & Guruprasad 1989).…”

Section: Treatments and Cultivation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium induces positive changes in nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant system of oat (Avena sativaL cultivar Kent)

Ahanger

Agarwal

Tomar

et al. 2015

Journal of Plant Interactions

108

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Potassium is actively involved in many functions such as enzyme activation, osmotic adjustment and uptake of deleterious ions like Na. Present report analyses the effectivity of different potassium salts on growth and certain components of nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant system in oat and their possible role in amelioration of water stress. Potassium induced enhancement in the activities of nitrate reductase and aminotransferases was evident indicating a positive role of potassium in nitrogen metabolism. Potassium supplementation enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) and contents of total phenols and tannins, probably strengthening both the enzymatic as well as non enzymatic antioxidant system. Free amino acids, proline and free sugars also exhibited the same trend in treated plants ensuring better plant growth.

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The ultramicrodetermination of glycogen in liver. A comparison of the anthrone and reducing-sugar methods

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl₄‐induced liver cirrhosis

Potassium induces positive changes in nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant system of oat (Avena sativaL cultivar Kent)

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The ultramicrodetermination of glycogen in liver. A comparison of the anthrone and reducing-sugar methods

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis

Potassium induces positive changes in nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant system of oat (Avena sativaL cultivar Kent)

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Oxidative stress modulation by Rosmarinus officinalis in CCl₄‐induced liver cirrhosis