The Ultrafine-Grained Titanium and Biomedical Titanium Alloys Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD)

Abstract

the function of our tissues and organs. Among the biomedical materials, titanium alloys have received attractions for dental and orthopedic implants due to their high strength, great corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and low density [1,2]. Recently, a series of new β titanium alloys have been developed with low elastic modulus, containing non-toxic alloying elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr and Mo in order to tackle the stress shielding effect caused by stiffness mismatch between implants and bones [3][4][5][6].Several literatures [7][8][9] have reported that compared with traditional titanium alloys, the ultrafine-grained (UFG) biomedical titanium alloys possess higher strength, better corrosion resistance and fatigue performance. Moreover, the ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys, which are usually used for orthopedic and dental implants, can induce in-growth of bone tissues, increase the interfacial strength and accelerate the repair process. An effective technique to introduce the ultrafinegrained structure is called the Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD).The Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) results in significant grain refinement by imposing high plastic strains on metallic materials. For two decades, several SPD methods, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) [10,11], high pressure torsion (HPT) [12,13], accumulative roll bonding (ARB) [14,15] and friction stir processing (FSP) [16,17], have been developed to produce the ultrafine-grained materials. This paper examines recent developments related to fabricating ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys by SPD methods. More specifically, the mechanical properties and performances of biomedical titanium alloys processed by ECAP, HPT, ARB and FSP have been investigated. Techniques for SPD Methods Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)The ECAP method is the most developed SPD techniques at IntroductionThe ultrafine-grained titanium and biomedical titanium alloys processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD)It's well known that biomedical metal materials are widely employed in a various kinds of implants, devices and process equipment that contacts biological systems, which improve AbstractThe ultrafine-grained materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) can be tailored to achieve superior properties and performances. Recently, the SPD methods, emerging as an effective way to grain refinement, have become attractive for fabrication of the ultrafine-grained biomedical materials, which can be adjusted to possess both favorable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biomedical titanium alloys have become one of the most promising biomedical metallic materials, due to their high strength, low density, good biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance. Compared with traditional titanium alloys, the ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys possess higher strength, better corrosion resistance and fatigue performance. Moreover, the ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys, which are usually used for orthopedic...

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