“…An important difference between the two systems is that after the two CDW transitions m-TaS 3 is semiconducting whereas NbSe 3 keeps its metallic character. Interestingly, one of the polymorphs of NbS 3 [26], NbS 3 -II, is metallic and exhibits three different CDWs at around 450-475, 360 K, and 150 K, respectively [27][28][29][30][31].…”
NbSe 3 and monoclinic-TaS 3 (m-TaS 3 ) are quasi-1D metals containing three different types of chains and undergoing two different charge density wave Peierls transitions at T P 1 and T P 2 associated with type III and type I chains, respectively. The nature of these transitions is discussed on the basis of first-principles DFT calculation of their Fermi surface (FS) and electron-hole response function. Because of the stronger inter-chain interactions, the FS and electron-hole response function are considerably more complex for NbSe 3 than m-TaS 3 ; however a common scenario can be put forward to rationalize the results. The intra-chain inter-band nesting processes dominate the strongest response for both type I and type III chains of the two compounds. Two well-defined maxima of the electron-hole response for NbSe 3 are found with the (0a * , 0c * ) and (1/2a * , 1/2c * ) transverse components at T P 1 and T P 2 , respectively, whereas the second maximum is not observed for m-TaS 3 at T P 2 . Analysis of the different inter-chain coupling mechanisms leads to the conclusion that FS nesting effects are only relevant to set the transverse a * components in NbSe 3 . The strongest inter-chain Coulomb coupling mechanism must be taken into account for the transverse coupling along c * in NbSe 3 and along both a * and c * for m-TaS 3 . Phonon spectrum calculations reveal the formation of a giant 2k F Kohn anomaly for m-TaS 3 . All these results support a weak coupling scenario for the Peierls transition of transition metal trichalcogenides.
“…An important difference between the two systems is that after the two CDW transitions m-TaS 3 is semiconducting whereas NbSe 3 keeps its metallic character. Interestingly, one of the polymorphs of NbS 3 [26], NbS 3 -II, is metallic and exhibits three different CDWs at around 450-475, 360 K, and 150 K, respectively [27][28][29][30][31].…”
NbSe 3 and monoclinic-TaS 3 (m-TaS 3 ) are quasi-1D metals containing three different types of chains and undergoing two different charge density wave Peierls transitions at T P 1 and T P 2 associated with type III and type I chains, respectively. The nature of these transitions is discussed on the basis of first-principles DFT calculation of their Fermi surface (FS) and electron-hole response function. Because of the stronger inter-chain interactions, the FS and electron-hole response function are considerably more complex for NbSe 3 than m-TaS 3 ; however a common scenario can be put forward to rationalize the results. The intra-chain inter-band nesting processes dominate the strongest response for both type I and type III chains of the two compounds. Two well-defined maxima of the electron-hole response for NbSe 3 are found with the (0a * , 0c * ) and (1/2a * , 1/2c * ) transverse components at T P 1 and T P 2 , respectively, whereas the second maximum is not observed for m-TaS 3 at T P 2 . Analysis of the different inter-chain coupling mechanisms leads to the conclusion that FS nesting effects are only relevant to set the transverse a * components in NbSe 3 . The strongest inter-chain Coulomb coupling mechanism must be taken into account for the transverse coupling along c * in NbSe 3 and along both a * and c * for m-TaS 3 . Phonon spectrum calculations reveal the formation of a giant 2k F Kohn anomaly for m-TaS 3 . All these results support a weak coupling scenario for the Peierls transition of transition metal trichalcogenides.
“…40 The derivative of the resistance as a function of temperature, shown by red symbols in Figure 2d, points out more clearly a prominent peak at 370 K accompanied by a smaller shoulder around ∼320 K. This behavior for NbS 3 is similar to the transition temperature reported previously for polymorph II and is consistent with a transition to the incommensurate CDW phase in our device. 48,49…”
We report on the solution processing and testing of electronic ink composed of quasi-one-dimensional NbS 3 charge-density-wave fillers. The ink was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of NbS 3 crystals into high-aspect-ratio quasi-1D fillers dispersed in a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol solution. The results of the electrical measurements of two-terminal electronic test structures printed on silicon substrates reveal resistance anomalies in the temperature range of ∼330−370 K. It was found that the changes in the temperature-dependent resistive characteristics of the test structures originate from the charge-density-wave phase transition of individual NbS 3 fillers. The latter confirms that the exfoliated NbS 3 fillers preserve their intrinsic charge-density-wave condensate states and can undergo phase transitions above room temperature even after chemical exfoliation processes and printing. These results are important for developing "quantum inks" with chargedensity-wave fillers for the increased functionality of future solution-processed electronics.
“…Charge density waves (CDWs) exhibit correlated flow of electrons at the highest known temperatures of any macroscopic electron condensate [1][2][3][4]. CDW dynamical behavior has been observed above room temperature [5], in some cases even above the boiling point of water [6][7][8]. In linear chain compounds, the CDW condensate modulates the charge along each of N parallel chains, 𝜌𝜌 𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡) = 𝜌𝜌 𝑖𝑖 0 (𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡) + 𝜌𝜌 𝑙𝑙 1 cos[2𝑘𝑘 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 − 𝜙𝜙 𝑖𝑖 (𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡)], where kinks in 𝜙𝜙 𝑖𝑖 carry charge and can transport electric current.…”
A growing body of evidence reveals that charge density wave (CDW) transport is a high-temperature cooperative quantum phenomenon. According to the time-correlated soliton tunneling (ST) model, quantum solitons, or electron-phonon correlates within the CDW condensate, act much like electrons tunneling through a Coulomb-blockade tunnel junction. Pair creation of charged fluidic soliton droplets is prevented by their electrostatic energy below a Coulomb-blockade threshold electric field. Above threshold, the quantum fluid flows in a periodic fashion, via a hybrid between Zener-like and coherent Josephson-like tunneling. We summarize the time-correlated ST model and compare model simulations with experiment. The ST model shows excellent agreement with coherent voltage oscillations, and with CDW current-voltage characteristics. Finally, we discuss implications for physics and potential applications.
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