The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease: XI. Impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second.

Tashkin, Donald P.; Detels, Roger; Simmons, Michael; Liu, Honghu; Coulson, Anne H.; Sayre, James W.; Rokaw, Stanley N.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.5.8173761

Cited by 99 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The University of California at Los Angeles Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease (UCLA-CORD) study followed changes in lung function over time in several cohorts of smokers and nonsmokers residing in areas of Southern California, chronically exposed to different levels and types of air pollution [72,73]. The three areas were: Lancaster, with moderate levels of photochemical oxidants and low levels of particles; Glendora, with high levels of photochemical oxidants; and Long Beach with high levels of particles, nitrogen oxides and sulphates.…”

Section: Lung Function Decline In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review

Sunyer¹

2001

Eur Respir J

178

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There is consistency in the findings that relate the acute increases in urban air pollution (mainly the particulate matter) and the short-term health effects (i.e. mortality and hospital admissions) on patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Beyond the acute effects, a relevant public health and scientific question is to what extent chronic exposure to air pollution is related with lung function impairment and development of COPD.The few cross-sectional studies showed an increase of self-reported diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, breathlessness and mucus hypersecretion and lower levels of lung function in the more polluted areas. The two cohort studies in children have found a retardation of pulmonary function growth, and the only cohort in adults a faster decline of lung function.Given the intrinsic limitations of cross-sectional studies to separate the timing between exposure and effects, and the weaknesses of the cohorts (i.e. few areas, short follow-up, only one retest, lack of individual weighting of air pollution measure) there is a need for new prospective studies. These should be performed in a large number of geographical areas and with a long follow-up to asses the impact of long-term air pollution on lung function growth and decline, and on incidence, duration, severity and survival of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Section: Lung Function Decline In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review

Sunyer¹

2001

Eur Respir J

178

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“…Evidence suggests that the number of years spent as a smoker and amount of cigarettes smoked impacts on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, exacerbations, rate of decline in lung function (i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV 1 ]) and COPD-related mortality [4][5][6][7]. Cigarette smoking is thought to exert its effects via increased inflammation, airway wall fibrosis, destruction of alveolar attachments, and inhibition of repair mechanisms [2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiotropium improves FEV1 in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status

Moita¹,

Bárbara²,

Cardoso³

et al. 2008

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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This study evaluated whether the effect of tiotropium on the change in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), vs. placebo, is affected by smoking status. In a 3-month, double-blind study in 31 centres in Portugal, 311 (289 completed) patients were randomised to tiotropium 18 mg once daily or placebo. Baseline mean (standard deviation (SD)) FEV 1 was 1.11 (0.39) l in the tiotropium group and 1.13 (0.39) l in the placebo group. Patients had an average smoking history of 55 (25.7) pack-years; 80 (26%) were smokers and 224 (74%) were ex-smokers. The primary end-point was change in morning pre-dose (i.e. trough) FEV 1 after 12 weeks. Trough FEV 1 at 12 weeks was significantly improved with tiotropium vs. placebo: the difference in means was 102 ml, P ¼ 0.0011, 95% confidence interval (CI) (41, 164). The difference in means in smokers was 138 ml, P ¼ 0.0105, CI (32, 244); in ex-smokers it was 66 ml, P ¼ 0.0375, CI (3, 129). The difference between smokers and ex-smokers was not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.6982) and may be due to greater variability and differences in disease severity. The significant improvement in lung function in patients treated with tiotropium vs. placebo in both smokers and ex-smokers suggests that tiotropium is an effective and well-tolerated therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), regardless of smoking status. r

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“…They are believed to be responsible for ,15% of COPD overall but their influence is likely to vary geographically depending on their extent and nature, and may be substantially higher in some areas [8]. Other COPD risk factors include atopy, social status, air pollution and genetic predisposition [1,[8][9][10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COPD prevalence and its association with occupational exposures in a general population

Melville¹,

Pless‐Mulloli²,

Afolabi³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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The aim of this study was to ascertain the population prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an area with past heavy industry and to establish the relative contributions of occupational and other risk factors.We investigated respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of spirometrically-defined COPD in a population-based study in North-East England (UK) between 2002 and 2004. Questionnaires were posted to 6,000 males and 6,000 females, 45-69 yrs of age, who were randomly selected from a primary care database (response rate 64%, n57,566). Spirometric measurements were performed on 845 randomly selected responders. We defined COPD by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) II criteria.The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 55%. Symptoms were strongly associated with smoking, occupational exposures and hay fever. COPD was present in 10% of subjects. Its presence was significantly associated with occupational exposures, smoking and hay fever.COPD is common in North-East England. Respiratory effects of occupational exposures can be detected within the general population: there were clear associations between occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms. The association with COPD was more marked in females.

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The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease: XI. Impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second.

Cited by 99 publications

References 22 publications

Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review

Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review

Tiotropium improves FEV1 in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status

COPD prevalence and its association with occupational exposures in a general population

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