The UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move

Abubakar, Ibrahim; Aldridge, Robert W; Devakumar, Delan; Orcutt, Miriam; Burns, Rachel J.; Barreto, Maurício L.; Dhavan, Poonam; Fouad, Fouad M.; Groce, Nora; Guo, Yan; Hargreaves, Sally; Knipper, Michael; Miranda, J. Jaime; Madise, Nyovani; Kumar, Bernadette Nirmal; Mosca, Davide; McGovern, Terry; Rubenstein, Leonard S.; Sammonds, Peter; Sawyer, Susan Μ; Sheikh, Kabir; Tollman, Stephen; Spiegel, Paul; Zimmerman, Cathy; Abbas, Mustafa M. El; Acer, Eleanor; Ahmad, Ayesha; Abimbola, Seye; Blanchet, Karl; Bocquier, Philippe; Samuels, Fiona; Byrne, Olga; Haerizadeh, Sonia; Issa, Rita; Collinson, Mark; Ginsburg, Carren; Kelman, Ilan; McAlpine, Alys; Pocock, Nicola S.; Olshansky, Barbara; Ramos, Dandara de Oliveira; White, Michael V.; Zhou, Suzanne

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32114-7

Cited by 610 publications

(649 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Energetic stress presents as a prominent problem in contemporary society. Situations such as famine, war and migration bring inherent food insecurity, and the potential for energy deficit (Abubakar et al, ; The World Bank, ). The recent UCL– Lancet Commission on Migration and Health stressed that migration and health are inextricably linked, and are key to sustainable development (Abubakar et al, ).…”

Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Longman

Wells²,

Stock

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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The use of sport as a conceptual framework offers unprecedented opportunities to improve our understanding of what the body does, shedding new light on our evolutionary trajectory, our capacity for adaptation, and the underlying biological mechanisms. This approach has gained traction over recent years. To date, sport has facilitated exploration not only of the evolutionary history of our species as a whole, but also of human variation and adaptation at the interindividual and intraindividual levels. At the species level, analysis of lower and upper limb biomechanics and energetics with respect to walking, running and throwing have led to significant advances in the understanding of human adaptations relative to other hominins. From an interindividual perspective, investigation of physical activity patterns and endurance running performance is affording greater understanding of evolved constraints of energy expenditure, thermoregulatory energetics, signaling theory, and morphological variation. Furthermore, ultra-endurance challenges provoke functional trade-offs, allowing new ground to be broken in the study of life history trade-offs and human adaptability. Human athletic paleobiology-the recruitment of athletes as study participants and the use of contemporary sports as a model for studying evolutionary theory-has great potential. Here, we draw from examples in the literature to provide a review of how the use of athletes as a model system is enhancing understanding of human evolutionary adaptation. K E Y W O R D S adaptation, human athletic paleobiology, human evolution, plasticity, sport 1 | INTRODUCTION The fossil record provides evidence about the form and physical characteristics of the human or hominin body, and their changes over time. However, a central challenge of hominin paleobiology is the interpretation of the body's function from its form; how do we walk, run, use tools, and move within the landscape, and how did these functions themselves evolve? Stemming from this, what is the nature of the physiological mechanisms that underpin observed variation in form and function? The use of sport as a conceptual framework offers unprecedented opportunities to improve our understanding of what the body does, shedding new light on our evolutionary trajectory, our capacity for adaptation, and the underlying biological mechanisms.There has been increasing interest in the model system provided by athletes to enhance our understanding of human evolutionary theory. To date, studies of athletes have facilitated exploration of three key levels of variation and adaptation within the field of human evolution ( Figure 1).

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Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Longman

Wells²,

Stock

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…35,53 Mobile phone data are particularly promising for analysing travel-related phenomena on a scale previously impossible, providing a 'big data' approach to understanding human mobility and its changes. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Two types of mobile-based positioning data that have so far been increasingly explored in travel-related studies are call detail records (CDRs) and mobile location history.…”

Section: Measuring Human Mobility Using Mobile Phone Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogens introduced by travellers may lead to secondary transmission and local outbreaks, as has been observed in severe acute respiratory syndrome, influenza, Ebola, Zika, yellow fever and measles, among others, or to the appearance of diseases such as malaria in non-endemic areas following migration for work or travel to visit friends and relatives. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The spread of infectious diseases and their potential health risk in travellers has resulted in substantial concerns and challenges to global health systems and economies, [14][15][16][17] with a need to place more emphasis on understanding population mobility, infectious disease connectivity and the individual health risk of travellers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring mobility, disease connectivity and individual risk: a review of using mobile phone data and mHealth for travel medicine

Lai

Farnham

Ruktanonchai

et al. 2019

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Rationale for review:The increasing mobility of populations allows pathogens to move rapidly and far, making endemic or epidemic regions more connected to the rest of the world than at any time in history. However, the ability to measure and monitor human mobility, health risk and their changing patterns across spatial and temporal scales using traditional data sources has been limited. To facilitate a better understanding of the use of emerging mobile phone technology and data in travel medicine, we reviewed relevant work aiming at measuring human mobility, disease connectivity and health risk in travellers using mobile geopositioning data. Key findings:Despite some inherent biases of mobile phone data, analysing anonymized positions from mobile users could precisely quantify the dynamical processes associated with contemporary human movements and connectivity of infectious diseases at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Moreover, recent progress in mobile health (mHealth) technology and applications, integrating with mobile positioning data, shows great potential for innovation in travel medicine to monitor and assess real-time health risk for individuals during travel. Conclusions:Mobile phones and mHealth have become a novel and tremendously powerful source of information on measuring human movements and origin-destination-specific risks of infectious and non-infectious health issues. The high penetration rate of mobile phones across the globe provides an unprecedented opportunity to quantify human mobility and accurately estimate the health risks in travellers. Continued efforts are needed to establish the most promising uses of these data and technologies for travel health.

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“…Additionally, most studies were performed in developed countries, and thus do not represent the majority of current refugees, who are hosted in low-and medium-income countries (68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Proença

Souza

Bastos

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In 2018, there were 70.8 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Many of these individuals face a high risk for tuberculosis in their country of origin, which may be accentuated by adverse conditions endured during their journey. Objective: We summarised the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection in refugees and asylum seekers through a systematic literature review and meta-analyses by country of origin and host continent. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from January 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate average measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group meta-analyses were performed according to country of origin and host continent. Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified articles were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analyses. Average prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1331 per 100 thousand inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) = 542-2384] and 37% (95% CI = 23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (variation in estimative attributable to heterogeneity [I 2 ] = 98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential.

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The UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move

Cited by 610 publications

References 157 publications

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation

Measuring mobility, disease connectivity and individual risk: a review of using mobile phone data and mHealth for travel medicine

Active and latent tuberculosis in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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