The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS) and Viral Infection in Plants

Abstract

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in maintaining cellular physiological balance. The UPS performs quality control and degrades proteins that have already fulfilled their regulatory purpose. The UPS is essential for cellular and organic homeostasis, and its functions regulate DNA repair, gene transcription, protein activation, and receptor trafficking. Besides that, the UPS protects cellular immunity and acts on the host’s defense system. In order to produce successful infections, viruses frequently need to manipulate the UPS to maintain the proper level of viral proteins and hijack defense mechanisms. This review highlights and updates the mechanisms and strategies used by plant viruses to subvert the defenses of their hosts. Proteins involved in these mechanisms are important clues for biotechnological approaches in viral resistance.

Argonaute 5-mediated antiviral defense and viral counter-defense in Nicotiana benthamiana

“…The 26S proteasome and autophagy pathways are typically involved in plant defense mechanisms against viruses, functioning by degrading viral proteins ( Verchot, 2016 ; Li et al., 2020 ; Yang et al., 2020 ; Lobaina et al., 2022 ; Yang and Liu, 2022 ). However, some viruses have evolved to exploit these host mechanisms to degrade proteins involved in the RNA silencing pathway.…”

Exploring Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity from the Perspective of Protein Quality Control

“…Finally, the small peptides are released and rapidly hydrolyzed into amino acids. In addition to degrading misfolded proteins, UPS’s target switching to key regulatory molecules is related to cell cycle control, inflammation, and cell death [ 102 ]. I B, p53, and -catenin are among the real UPS substrates.…”

Gene network modeling and pathway analysis of maize transcriptomes in response to Maize Iranian mosaic virus

“…RING-box protein 1 is one of the proteins that complete the CRL complex by joining with its carboxy-terminal (C) region. CRLs are involved in plant growth and development, auxin and JA signaling, and regulation of antiviral responses (Lobaina 2022). GRMZM2G035341 is one of the genes ID, which encodes RING -box protein 1a as a hub gene.…”