The U.S. Department of Energy's Combustion 2000 program: Clean, efficient electricity from coal

Externally fired gas turbine technology: A review

“…The working fluid was nitrogen with 2% oxygen and the plant included an advanced HTHE that can raise gas temperature up to 1000°C [10]. Simultaneously, in the USA, combustion 2000 program under the department of energy started in 1992, aimed at utilization of pulverized coal for clean power generation [25]. Two systems were proposed, a steam-based power plant with low emission boiler and externally fired combined cycle (EFCC).…”

“…Twostage air heating was performed using convective heat transfer in the tube bundles at the furnace outlet followed by radiative heat transfer in the HTHE as shown in Fig. 7 [25]. For the radiation part of the HTHE, the tube bundles were protected from the direct contact with the flame with ceramic panels.…”

“…10. The combustion 2000 program at the USA, aims at developing a 300 MW e EFCC with cycle efficiency in the range of 47-50% [25]. Eidensten et al [115] have studied a biomass fueled EFGT with additional steam bottoming cycle for power or district heating outputs.…”

Status and Perspective of Externally Fired Gas Turbines

“…6 A summary of results from previous studies of the thermodynamic performance of EFCC and EFHAT cycles has been reported by Yan. 9 For the EFCC, the system performance has been analyzed by LaHaye and Zabolotny, 10 Foster-Pegg, 4 Huang and Naumowicz, 11 Vandervort et al, 12 Ruth, 13 Seery et al, 14 Consonni et al, 15 Consonniand Macchi, 16 Mathieu and Desoleil, 17 Korobitsyn and Hirs, 18 McKinsey and Wheeldon, 5 Robson et al, 19 and Klara et al 20 The results from these researcherson the thermal ef ciencies vs turbine inlet temperature are plotted as shown in Fig. 5.…”

“…Several projects have been supported by DOE, including Westinghouse's investigation of the coal-red indirectly heated gas turbines in the early 1980s by Hamm and Weeks 26 and Berman et al 27 and in-bed heat exchanger studies by Bannister and Whitlow, 28 Hague InternationalEFCC pilot plant test by Vandervort et al, 12 and engineering development in HIPPS. 13,29 In the Hague International EFCC, a ceramic heat exchanger is integrated with a combined cycle. In HIPPS, two different systems have been investigated by industrial teams led by Foster-Wheeler and United Technologies.…”