Military social work is a specialized field of practice spanning the micro-macro continuum and requiring advanced social work knowledge and skills. The complex behavioral health problems and service needs of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans highlight the need for highly trained social work professionals who can provide militarily relevant and culturally responsive evidence-informed services. Responding to the military behavioral health workforce and service needs of recently returned veterans presents both opportunities and challenges for military social work education. This article discusses the rationale for a military social work specialization, the need for military social work education, and opportunities and challenges for social work education. An integrated model of intellectual capital is proposed to guide strategic planning for future military social work education.More than a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan has raised concerns about the behavioral health problems and treatment needs of Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans. This "Long War," characterized by a high operations tempo, a dynamic battlefield, multiple deployments, short dwell times, and an unprecedented utilization of women, National Guard, and Reserve forces, has resulted in unique individual, family, organizational, and community stressors, as well as co-occurring behavioral, psychological, and physical conditions among recently returned veterans-many who experienced intense combat and remain in military service (