The types of circulating fatty acids influence vascular reactivity

Lind, Lars; Södergren, Eva; Gustafsson, Inga‐Britt; Millgård, Jonas; Sarabi, Mahziar; Vessby, Bengt

doi:10.1007/s11745-002-1011-2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is a conflict in the associations between vascular function and different types of SFA in cross-sectional studies. The study reported by both Sarabi et al (85) and Lind et al (86) showed palmitic acid to be negatively associated (r 20•29; P,0•05) with the endothelial function index (as assessed by the ratio of endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV): endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) by venous occlusion plethysmography, reflecting the activity of endothelial NO synthase), with stearic acid positively associated with the endothelial function index (r 0•27; P, 0•05) and FBF at recovery after hyperaemia (r 0•41; P, 0•01). Steer et al (87) revealed the total proportion of SFA, and in particular lauric and myristic acid, to have a negative association with the endothelial function index in healthy young men (r 2 0•37 and r 2 0•36 respectively, P, 0•05), but not in women.…”

Section: Epidemiological Associations From Cross-sectional and Cohortmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Between 2000 and 2010, seven studies compared the effects of high-fat, SFA-rich diets with either high-fat, MUFA-rich and/or n -6 PUFA-rich diets ( 46 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 56 , 86 , 89 ) (since five of these studies compared both dietary fat quantity and quality, they are summarised separately in Table 2 ( 46 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 56 ) ), one study examined the effects of MUFA-rich diets only ( 90 ) and a further study compared the effects of supplements enriched with SFA, MUFA and n -6 PUFA ( 91 ) (Table 6). Relative to a SFA-rich diet, a MUFA-rich diet was shown to improve vascular function ( 56 ) or attenuate the reduction in the vascular response observed with a SFA-rich diet ( 49 ) .…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Fat Quality On Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vascular dysfunction is recognised as an integrative marker of CVD. While dietary strategies aimed at reducing CVD risk include reductions in the intake of SFA, there are currently no clear guidelines on what should replace SFA. The purpose of this review was to assess the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat and individual fatty acids (SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA) on vascular function, cellular microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells. Medline was systematically searched from 1966 until November 2010. A total of fifty-nine peer-reviewed publications (covering fifty-six studies), which included five epidemiological, eighteen dietary intervention and thirty-three test meal studies, were identified. The findings from the epidemiological studies were inconclusive. The limited data available from dietary intervention studies suggested a beneficial effect of low-fat diets on vascular reactivity, which was strongest when the comparator diet was high in SFA, with a modest improvement in measures of vascular reactivity when high-fat, MUFA-rich diets were compared with SFA-rich diets. There was consistent evidence from the test meal studies that high-fat meals have a detrimental effect on postprandial vascular function. However, the evidence for the comparative effects of test meals rich in MUFA or n-6 PUFA with SFA on postprandial vascular function was limited and inconclusive. The lack of studies with comparable within-study dietary fatty acid targets, a variety of different study designs and different methods for determining vascular function all confound any clear conclusions on the impact of dietary fat and individual fatty acids on vascular function. Key words: Dietary fatty acids: CVD: Vascular function: Progenitor cells: MicroparticlesCVD remains the major cause of death in Western societies. Although CVD is a multi-factorial disease, diet has been shown to play an important role in both the development and progression of the disease. Dietary strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of CVD include the recommendation to reduce SFA in the diet. In 1994, the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) published a report on Nutritional Aspects of CVD which included a recommendation to reduce the average intake of SFA from 16 % to no more than 11 % of food energy. Although the dietary intake of SFA has fallen, current intakes for 19 -64-year-olds assessed in the first year of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme (February 2008 to March 2009) exceed the COMA recommendation, at approximately 12·8 % of food energy (1) ; total fat intake at 35·1 % of dietary energy is at the recommended level of intake for the population. A key question that needs to be addressed is whether the further desired reduction in SFA intake should be achieved through † Joint first authors. replacement of dietary fat with carbohydrate (low-fat diets), or whether substitution of SFA with n-6 PUFA or MUFA is a more desirable population target. There is evidence for potentially detrimental metab...

show abstract

Section: Epidemiological Associations From Cross-sectional and Cohortmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effects Of Dietary Fat Quality On Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cross-sectional analyses using other markers of vascular function demonstrate a potential relationship between serum fatty acid levels and endothelial function ( 82 – 84 ) . Both palmitic acid (16 : 0) and palmitoleic acid (in cholesteryl esters and phospholipids) were inversely associated with an index of endothelial function derived from forearm blood flow measurements (ratio of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to endothelium-independent vasodilation) in predominantly middle-aged men and women, whereas phospholipid oleic acid (18 : 1 n -9) and cholesteryl ester LA were positively associated ( 83 ) .…”

Section: Dietary Fat and Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary saturated and unsaturated fats as determinants of blood pressure and vascular function

Hall

2009

Nutr. Res. Rev.

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The amount and type of dietary fat have long been associated with the risk of CVD. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors in the aetiology of CHD. A range of methods exists to assess vascular function that may be used in nutritional science, including clinic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity, flowmediated dilatation and venous occlusion plethysmography. The present review focuses on the quantity and type of dietary fat and effects on blood pressure, arterial compliance and endothelial function. Concerning fat quantity, the amount of dietary fat consumed habitually appears to have little influence on vascular function independent of fatty acid composition, although single high-fat meals postprandially impair endothelial function compared with low-fat meals. The mechanism is related to increased circulating lipoproteins and NEFA which may induce proinflammatory pathways and increase oxidative stress. Regarding the type of fat, cross-sectional data suggest that saturated fat adversely affects vascular function whereas polyunsaturated fat (mainly linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) and n-3 PUFA) are beneficial. EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) can reduce blood pressure, improve arterial compliance in type 2 diabetics and dyslipidaemics, and augment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The mechanisms for this vascular protection, and the nature of the separate physiological effects induced by EPA and DHA, are priorities for future research. Since good-quality observational or interventional data on dietary fatty acid composition and vascular function are scarce, no further recommendations can be suggested in addition to current guidelines at the present time.

show abstract

“…Findings from chronic dietary studies comparing diets rich in SFA or MUFA are mixed. Some short-term studies have found that a SFA-rich diet impairs vascular reactivity compared with a MUFA-rich diet ( 10 ) or a diet rich in both MUFA and PUFA ( 11 ) . However, an 8-month supplementation trial found no difference in endothelial-dependent or -independent vasodilation measures between MUFA- or SFA-based oils ( 12 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of elevated NEFA on vascular function: a comparison of SFA and MUFA

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is emerging evidence to show that high levels of NEFA contribute to endothelial dysfunction and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, the impact of NEFA composition remains unclear. A total of ten healthy men consumed test drinks containing 50 g of palm stearin (rich in SFA) or high-oleic sunflower oil (rich in MUFA) on separate occasions; a third day included no fat as a control. The fats were emulsified into chocolate drinks and given as a bolus (approximately 10 g fat) at baseline followed by smaller amounts (approximately 3 g fat) every 30 min throughout the 6 h study day. An intravenous heparin infusion was initiated 2 h after the bolus, which resulted in a three-to fourfold increase in circulating NEFA level from baseline. Mean arterial stiffness as measured by digital volume pulse was higher during the consumption of SFA (P, 0·001) but not MUFA (P¼0·089) compared with the control. Overall insulin and gastric inhibitory peptide response was greater during the consumption of both fats compared with the control (P, 0·001); there was a second insulin peak in response to MUFA unlike SFA. Consumption of SFA resulted in higher levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sI-CAM) at 330 min than that of MUFA or control (P# 0·048). There was no effect of the test drinks on glucose, total nitrite, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 or endothelin-1 concentrations. The present study indicates a potential negative impact of elevated NEFA derived from the consumption of SFA on arterial stiffness and sI-CAM levels. More studies are needed to fully investigate the impact of NEFA composition on risk factors for CVD.

show abstract

The types of circulating fatty acids influence vascular reactivity

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles

A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, saturated, monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles

Dietary saturated and unsaturated fats as determinants of blood pressure and vascular function

Acute effects of elevated NEFA on vascular function: a comparison of SFA and MUFA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About