The type VI secretion system of
            <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>
            fosters horizontal gene transfer

Borgeaud, Sandrine; Metzger, Lisa C.; Scrignari, Tiziana; Blokesch, Melanie

doi:10.1126/science.1260064

Cited by 349 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A second example is related to the T6SS of V. cholerae, which, in pandemic isolates of this species, has long been recognized as being silent under laboratory conditions (2). Borgeaud et al (12) discovered that chitin is a natural inducer of the T6SS in these strains (Fig. 1), consistent with the fact that many Vibrio species interact with and feed on natural chitinous surfaces.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…1), consistent with the fact that many Vibrio species interact with and feed on natural chitinous surfaces. The authors further deciphered a regulatory link between T6SS induction and natural competence for transformation and demonstrated that T6SS-mediated interbacterial competition can be used by V. cholerae to acquire DNA from killed prey, thereby fostering horizontal gene transfer (12,13). These examples highlight the need to move research toward more realistic conditions that mimic the natural habitats of the bacteria under investigation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that chitin-degradation products play a key role in the establishment of the V. fischeri-squid symbiosis (16). As chitin-degradation products induce the T6SS in V. cholerae (12,13), it is conceivable that the same holds true for the T6SS1 of V. fischeri. Indeed, chitin-induced T6SS1 production could occur within the chitin-rich mucus matrix that coats the ciliated surface of the squid's light organ, which might foster competitor exclusion upon initial association with the host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial type VI secretion system facilitates niche domination

Dörr

Blokesch

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial type VI secretion system facilitates niche domination

Dörr

Blokesch

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…While we did not investigate any links between the aberrant biofilm phenotype and the upregulation of T6SS expression and activity in this study, it is interesting that LonA appears to play a regulatory role in both of these systems. Schwarz et al (71) showed that the T6SS is required for Burkholderia thailandensis to proliferate in a biofilm state when in the presence of Pseudomonas putida, and one study done with V. cholerae showed that T6SS expression and activity are upregulated when V. cholerae is allowed to form a biofilm on chitinous surfaces (71,72). While these studies do not imply that there is a direct regulatory connection between the T6SS and biofilm formation, they certainly suggest that the two processes are contextually related.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The LonA Protease Regulates Biofilm Formation, Motility, Virulence, and the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio cholerae

et al. 2016

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The presence of the Lon protease in all three domains of life hints at its biological importance. The prokaryotic Lon protease is responsible not only for degrading abnormal proteins but also for carrying out the proteolytic regulation of specific protein targets. Posttranslational regulation by Lon is known to affect a variety of physiological traits in many bacteria, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. Here, we identify the regulatory roles of LonA in the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. We determined that the absence of LonA adversely affects biofilm formation, increases swimming motility, and influences intracellular levels of cyclic diguanylate. Whole-genome expression analysis revealed that the message abundance of genes involved in biofilm formation was decreased but that the message abundances of those involved in virulence and the type VI secretion system were increased in a lonA mutant compared to the wild type. We further demonstrated that a lonA mutant displays an increase in type VI secretion system activity and is markedly defective in colonization of the infant mouse. These findings suggest that LonA plays a critical role in the environmental survival and virulence of V. cholerae. IMPORTANCEBacteria utilize intracellular proteases to degrade damaged proteins and adapt to changing environments. The Lon protease has been shown to be important for environmental adaptation and plays a crucial role in regulating the motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of numerous plant and animal pathogens. We find that LonA of the human pathogen V. cholerae is in line with this trend, as the deletion of LonA leads to hypermotility and defects in both biofilm formation and colonization of the infant mouse. In addition, we show that LonA regulates levels of cyclic diguanylate and the type VI secretion system. Our observations add to the known regulatory repertoire of the Lon protease and the current understanding of V. cholerae physiology.

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“…The expression of T6SSs is usually induced by specific environmental signals such as temperature, salinity, cell density, and surface sensing and regulated by mainly the TCSs and by the QS, sRNA, c-di-GMP, cAMP-CRP, and alternative sigma factor systems (350, 713,716,[722][723][724][725][726][727], all of which are involved in the modulation of microbial surface colonization and in the regulation of gene expression in biofilms (414,728). The coordination of the TCS or the QS, sRNA, or c-di-GMP regulatory system with the expression of T6SSs may potentially aid in microbial surface colonization fitness via the displacement of competing bacteria at locations having growth-supportive conditions and via the promotion of horizontal gene transfer (718,729). For example, in V. cholerae, the expression of the T6SS is regulated by quorum-regulatory Qrr sRNAs, which repress the T6SS genes at low cell density (727).…”

Section: Deadly Competition: Chemical Agents Predation and Specialimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

Dang

Lovell

2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

837

636

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SUMMARYBiotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. Microbial surface association also contributes to deleterious effects such as biofouling, biocorrosion, and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and their genetic determinants. The processes and mechanisms of colonization as well as key players among the surface-associated microbiota have been studied for several decades. Accumulating evidence indicates that specific cell-surface, cell-cell, and interpopulation interactions shape the composition, structure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and functions of surface-associated microbial communities. Several key microbial processes and mechanisms, including (i) surface, population, and community sensing and signaling, (ii) intraspecies and interspecies communication and interaction, and (iii) the regulatory balance between cooperation and competition, have been identified as critical for the microbial surface association lifestyle. In this review, recent progress in the study of marine microbial surface colonization and biofilm development is synthesized and discussed. Major gaps in our knowledge remain. We pose questions for targeted investigation of surface-specific community-level microbial features, answers to which would advance our understanding of surface-associated microbial community ecology and the biogeochemical functions of these communities at levels from molecular mechanistic details through systems biological integration.

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The type VI secretion system of Vibrio cholerae fosters horizontal gene transfer

Cited by 349 publications

References 53 publications

Bacterial type VI secretion system facilitates niche domination

Bacterial type VI secretion system facilitates niche domination

The LonA Protease Regulates Biofilm Formation, Motility, Virulence, and the Type VI Secretion System in Vibrio cholerae

Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

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