The type of mutations induced by carbon-ion-beam irradiation of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Ma, Liqiu; Kazama, Yusuke; Inoue, Hirokazu; Abe, Tomoko; Hatakeyama, Susumi; Tanaka, Shuuitsu

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.01.002

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Multiple experiments have shown similar results in yeasts exposed to ion radiation (Ikpeme et al, 1995;Kiefer et al, 2002). Conversely, a study with the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, showed that an NHEJ-deficient strain had ∼80% survival after 100 Gy of high-LET carbon-ion irradiation (Ma et al, 2013), whereas the NHEJ-deficient A. niger strain tested in the current study demonstrated survival of only ∼17% after 100 Gy of low-LET helium-ion radiation (a lighter element than carbon). Nevertheless, this discrepancy in survival might be attributed to the fact that hyphal compartments of N. crassa can contain up to 100 nuclei, which in turn can lower the hit rate of radiation induced DNA damage (Roper et al, 2011).…”

Section: High-versus Low-let Response In a Niger Sporessupporting

confidence: 67%

Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

et al. 2020

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The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is one of the main contaminants of the International Space Station (ISS). It forms highly pigmented, airborne spores that have thick cell walls and low metabolic activity, enabling them to withstand harsh conditions and colonize spacecraft surfaces. Whether A. niger spores are resistant to space radiation, and to what extent, is not yet known. In this study, spore suspensions of a wild-type and three mutant strains (with defects in pigmentation, DNA repair, and polar growth control) were exposed to X-rays, cosmic radiation (helium-and iron-ions) and UV-C (254 nm). To assess the level of resistance and survival limits of fungal spores in a long-term interplanetary mission scenario, we tested radiation doses up to 1000 Gy and 4000 J/m 2. For comparison, a 360-day round-trip to Mars yields a dose of 0.66 ± 0.12 Gy. Overall, wild-type spores of A. niger were able to withstand high doses of X-ray (LD 90 = 360 Gy) and cosmic radiation (helium-ion LD 90 = 500 Gy; and ironion LD 90 = 100 Gy). Drying the spores before irradiation made them more susceptible toward X-ray radiation. Notably, A. niger spores are highly resistant to UV-C radiation (LD 90 = 1038 J/m 2), which is significantly higher than that of other radiation-resistant microorganisms (e.g., Deinococcus radiodurans). In all strains, UV-C treated spores (1000 J/m 2) were shown to have decreased biofilm formation (81% reduction in wildtype spores). This study suggests that A. niger spores might not be easily inactivated by exposure to space radiation alone and that current planetary protection guidelines should be revisited, considering the high resistance of fungal spores.

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Section: High-versus Low-let Response In a Niger Sporessupporting

confidence: 67%

Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

et al. 2020

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“…A heavy-ion beam produces high-LET radiation and is expected to induce double-strand breaks in DNA and to cause mutations ranging in size from a few bases to over 1000 bp. Single-stranded breaks and base substitutions are generally repaired by mismatch repair and homologous recombination, while double-strand breaks are repaired by non-homologous end-joining; of these two DNA repair systems, the former is highly accurate while the latter is error prone (Ichida et al 2008;Ma et al 2013;Chang et al 2017). Because the two types of radiation, either low-or high-LET, cause different types of mutations, owing to different repair systems (Goodhead 1999), mutagenesis by ␥-ray irradiation could widen the mutational spectrum and induce new types of mutants that have not been previously isolated from heavy-ion beam-mutagenized T. matsutake populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Murata

Nakano

Yamanaka

et al. 2019

Botany

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Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete that produces matsutake mushrooms in association with conifers. Here, we isolated a pleiotropic mutant, designated as G1, following ␥-ray irradiation of T. matsutake NBRC 33136. In addition to exhibiting increased cellulose-and amylose-degrading activities and altered mycelial morphology, G1 degenerated lateral roots and caused stunting or fatal wilting of seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro. A mutant, designated Ar 59, previously isolated after argon-ion beam irradiation, exhibited the same phenotypes as G1, but without its detrimental effects. Ar 59, like NBRC 33136, developed a Hartig net around healthy cortical cells that was composed of uniseriate hyphae. In G1-inoculated seedlings, the Hartig net was composed of heavily bundled hyphae penetrating the intercellular space, and it was accompanied by somewhat unusual forms of plant cortical cells. Sequences of rRNA gene-related markers, including four single nucleotide polymorphisms present within each strain, were 100% identical among NBRC 33136, G1, and Ar 59, indicating that they are mutants of the wild-type. Thus, ␥-ray irradiation can convert the fungus from a beneficial to a harmful agent. These findings suggest the presence of an unknown mechanism in the fungal genome that can transform mutualism into parasitism.Résumé : Tricholoma matsutake est un agaromycète ectomycorhize qui produit les champignons matsutake en association avec les conifères. Les auteurs ont isolé ici un mutant pléiotropique qu'ils ont désigné G1, à la suite d'une irradiation ␥ de T. matsutake NBRC 33136. En plus de présenter une activité accrue de dégradation de la cellulose et de l'amylose et une morphologie mycéliale modifiée, G1 provoquait la dégénérescence des racines latérales et un retard de croissance ou une flétrissure fatale des jeunes plants de son partenaire symbiotique, Pinus densiflora, in vitro. Un mutant désigné Ar 59, isolé précédemment après une irradiation à un faisceau d'argon ionisé, présentait le même phénotype que G1, mais sans les effets néfastes. Ar 59, comme NBRC 33136, développait un réseau de Hartig autour des cellules corticales saines, composé d'hyphes unisériées. Chez les plantules inoculées avec G1, le réseau de Hartig était composé d'hyphes en faisceau pénétrant l'espace intercellulaire et était accompagné par des cellules corticales végétales de formes quelque peu inhabituelles. Les séquences de marqueurs reliés aux gènes de l'ARNr, y compris quatre polymorphismes de nucléotides uniques présents dans chaque souche, étaient 100% identiques entre NBRC 33136, G1 et Ar 59, indiquant qu'ils constituent des mutants de la souche sauvage. Ainsi, l'irradiation gamme peut convertir le champignon d'une forme bénéfique en un agent pathogène. Ces données suggèrent la présence d'un mécanisme inconnu dans le génome fongique qui peut transformer le mutualisme en parasitisme. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : enzymes de dégradation, mutagenèse par irradiation gamma, faisceau d'ion...

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“…Heavy-ion irradiation has also been accepted as a powerful mutagen for both forward and reverse genetics. Therefore, studies on biological processes in plants and microbes have been advanced by using heavy-ion irradiation (Hase et al, 2000(Hase et al, , 2006Shitsukawa et al, 2007;Shimada et al, 2009;Yasui et al, 2011;Fujita et al, 2012;Sasaki et al, 2012;Ishikawa et al, 2012;Kazama et al, 2013;Hirano et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high-LET Fe-ion beam irradiation on mutation induction in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Kazama¹,

Hirano²,

Nishihara

et al. 2013

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Heavy-ion beams are powerful mutagens. They cause a broad spectrum of mutation phenotypes with high efficiency even at low irradiation doses and short irradiation times. These mutagenic effects are due to dense ionisation in a localised region along the ion particle path. Linear energy transfer (LET; keV·μm -1 ), which represents the degree of locally deposited energy, is an important parameter in heavy-ion mutagenesis. For high LET radiation above 290 keV•μm -1 , however, neither the mutation frequency nor the molecular nature of the mutations has been fully characterised. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe-ion beams with an LET of 640 keV•μm -1 on both the mutation frequency and the molecular nature of the mutations. Screening of well-characterised mutants (hy and gl) revealed that the mutation frequency was lower than any other ion species with low LET. We investigated the resulting mutations in the 4 identified mutants. Three mutants were examined by employing PCR-based methods, one of which had 2-bp deletion, another had 178 bp of tandemly duplication, and other one had complicated chromosomal rearrangements with variable deletions in size at breakpoints. We also detected large deletions in the other mutant by using array comparative genomic hybridisation. From the results of the analysis of the breakpoints and junctions of the detected deletions, it was revealed that the mutants harboured chromosomal rearrangements in their genomes. These results indicate that Fe-ion irradiation tends to cause complex mutations with low efficiency. We conclude that Fe-ion irradiation could be useful for inducing chromosomal rearrangements or large deletions.

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The type of mutations induced by carbon-ion-beam irradiation of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation

Conversion from mutualism to parasitism: a mutant of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete Tricholoma matsutake that induces stunting, wilting, and root degeneration in seedlings of its symbiotic partner, Pinus densiflora, in vitro

Effect of high-LET Fe-ion beam irradiation on mutation induction in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

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