The Type II supernovae 2006V and 2006au: two SN 1987A-like events

Taddia, F.; Stritzinger, M. D.; Sollerman, J.; Phillips, M. M.; Anderson, J. P.; Ergon, M.; Folatelli, G.; Fransson, Claes; Freedman, Wendy L.; Hamuy, M.; Morrell, N.; Pastorello, A.; Persson, S. E.; González, S.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118091

Cited by 56 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The r-band light curve shows a rise of ∼0.8 mag in the first 10 d. Then it settles onto an early plateau between days 10 and 30, and it finally starts a long rise to peak (∼0.9 mag brighter than the plateau) that occurs at ∼75 d. All of the other bands reach maximum around the same time, and between days 10 and 30 they also exhibit an early-time plateau, preceded by a decline in the case of B and g. Since the followup observations started 2 weeks later for these filters than in the r band, no early-time rise could be detected. The overplotted and scaled light curves of SN 2006au (from Taddia et al 2012) clearly show the close resemblance of PTF09gpn to this SN 1987A-like SN.…”

Section: Supernova Light Curves and Colorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Long-rising Type II supernovae from Palomar Transient Factory and Caltech Core-Collapse Project

Taddia

Sollerman

Fremling

et al. 2016

A&A

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Context. Supernova (SN) 1987A was a peculiar hydrogen-rich event with a long-rising (∼84 d) light curve, stemming from the explosion of a compact blue supergiant star. Only a few similar events have been presented in the literature in recent decades. Aims. We present new data for a sample of six long-rising Type II SNe (SNe II), three of which were discovered and observed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and three observed by the Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP). Our aim is to enlarge this small family of long-rising SNe II, characterizing their differences in terms of progenitor and explosion parameters. We also study the metallicity of their environments. Methods. Optical light curves, spectra, and host-galaxy properties of these SNe are presented and analyzed. Detailed comparisons with known SN 1987A-like events in the literature are shown, with particular emphasis on the absolute magnitudes, colors, expansion velocities, and host-galaxy metallicities. Bolometric properties are derived from the multiband light curves. By modeling the earlytime emission with scaling relations derived from the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) models of MESA progenitor stars, we estimate the progenitor radii of these transients. The modeling of the bolometric light curves also allows us to estimate other progenitor and explosion parameters, such as the ejected 56 Ni mass, the explosion energy, and the ejecta mass. Results. We present PTF12kso, a long-rising SN II that is estimated to have the largest amount of ejected 56 Ni mass measured for this class. PTF09gpn and PTF12kso are found at the lowest host metallicities observed for this SN group. The variety of early lightcurve luminosities depends on the wide range of progenitor radii of these SNe, from a few tens of R (SN 2005ci) up to thousands (SN 2004ek) with some intermediate cases between 100 R (PTF09gpn) and 300 R (SN 2004em). Conclusions. We confirm that long-rising SNe II with light-curve shapes closely resembling that of SN 1987A generally arise from blue supergiant (BSG) stars. However, some of them, such as SN 2004em, likely have progenitors with larger radii (∼300 R , typical of yellow supergiants) and can thus be regarded as intermediate cases between normal SNe IIP and SN 1987A-like SNe. Some extended red supergiant (RSG) stars such as the progenitor of SN 2004ek can also produce long-rising SNe II if they synthesized a large amount of 56 Ni in the explosion. Low host metallicity is confirmed as a characteristic of the SNe arising from compact BSG stars.

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Section: Supernova Light Curves and Colorsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Long-rising Type II supernovae from Palomar Transient Factory and Caltech Core-Collapse Project

Taddia

Sollerman

Fremling

et al. 2016

A&A

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“…However, since we know from modeling (e.g. Utrobin & Chugai 2011;Taddia et al 2012) that most of our BSG SNe arise from stars that are more massive (M ZAMS ∼ 20 M ) than the typical RSG progenitors of SNe IIP (∼10 M ), it seems that this mass difference is too small to be detected by the NCR method (see also discussion in Crowther 2013). The weak association with H ii regions for the massive progenitors of 1987A-like SNe could also be interpreted in terms of binary scenarios giving rise to longer lifetimes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Before these events, SN 1998A (Pastorello et al 2005) had been suggested to result from the explosion of a BSG star. Recently we published an analysis of two additional SN 1987A-like transients (SNe 2006V and2006au;Taddia et al 2012). Through the modeling of the bolometric light curves, we determine progenitor radii to less than 100 R .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metallicity study of 1987A-like supernova host galaxies

Taddia

Sollerman

Razza

et al. 2013

A&A

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Context. The origin of the blue supergiant (BSG) progenitor of Supernova (SN) 1987A has long been debated, along with the role that its sub-solar metallicity played. We now have a sample of SN 1987A-like events that arise from the rare core collapse (CC) of massive (∼20 M ) and compact ( 100 R ) BSGs. Aims. The metallicity of the explosion sites of the known BSG SNe is investigated, as well as the association of BSG SNe to starforming regions. Methods. Both indirect and direct metallicity measurements of 13 BSG SN host galaxies are presented, and compared to those of other CC SN types. Indirect measurements are based on the known luminosity-metallicity relation and on published metallicity gradients of spiral galaxies. In order to provide direct metallicity measurements based on strong line diagnostics, we obtained spectra of each BSG SN host galaxy both at the exact SN explosion sites and at the positions of other H ii regions. We also observed these hosts with narrow Hα and broad R-band filters in order to produce continuum-subtracted Hα images. This allows us to measure the degree of association between BSG SNe and star-forming regions, and to compare it to that of other SN types. Results. BSG SNe are found to explode either in low-luminosity galaxies or at large distances from the nuclei of luminous hosts. Therefore, their indirectly measured metallicities are typically lower than those of SNe IIP and Ibc. This result is confirmed by the direct metallicity estimates, which show slightly sub-solar oxygen abundances (12 + log (O/H) ∼ 8.3-8.4 dex) for the local environments of BSG SNe, similar to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), where SN 1987A exploded. However, we also note that two objects of our sample (SNe 1998A and 2004em) were found at near solar metallicity. SNe IIb have a metallicity distribution similar to that of our BSG SNe. Finally, we find that the degree of association to star-forming regions is similar among BSG SNe, SNe IIP and IIn. Conclusions. Our results suggest that LMC metal abundances play a role in the formation of some 1987A-like SNe. This would naturally fit in a single star scenario for the progenitors. However, the existence of two events at nearly solar metallicity suggests that also other channels, e.g. binarity, contribute to produce BSG SNe.

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“…After a thorough search for SNe in other public targets, a sample of 6 galaxies that hosted 11 SNe (4 Ia, 7 II) have been compiled. Besides 7 typical SN II and Ia, the following four SNe had more precise classifications: SN 2000ft was discovered in NGC 7469 by using radio observations and showed similar evolution properties than other compact radio sources identified as SN II (Alberdi et al 2006); SN 2000cb showed similar photometric behaviour than SN 1987A, which are thought to be SN II resulting from the explosion of blue supergiants (Pastorello et al 2005;Taddia et al 2012); SN 1993R was typed as a peculiar SN similar to the subluminous SN Ia class 1991bg-like, but with stronger Ca II NIR triplet (Filippenko & Matheson 1993). Finally, SN 2005ip spectra showed that it was interacting with the surrounding circumstellar medium and it was typed as SN IIn (Stritzinger et al 2012).The programs that proposed the observations of these 5 galaxies, observation periods, exposure times, and seeing at the time of observations are summarized in Table 1. MUSE delivers an impressive set of ∼100,000 spectra per pointing covering most of the optical domain.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the environments of supernovae with MUSE

Galbany

Anderson

Rosales-Ortega

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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125

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We present a statistical analysis of the environments of 11 supernovae (SNe) which occurred in 6 nearby galaxies (z 0.016). All galaxies were observed with MUSE, the high spatial resolution integral field spectrograph mounted to the 8m VLT UT4. These data enable us to map the full spatial extent of host galaxies up to ∼3 effective radii. In this way, not only can one characterise the specific host environment of each SN, one can compare their properties with stellar populations within the full range of other environments within the host. We present a method that consists of selecting all Hii regions found within host galaxies from 2D extinction-corrected Hα emission maps. These regions are then characterised in terms of their Hα equivalent widths, star formation rates, and oxygen abundances. Identifying Hii regions spatially coincident with SN explosion sites, we are thus able to determine where within the distributions of host galaxy e.g. metallicities and ages each SN is found, thus providing new constraints on SN progenitor properties. This initial pilot study using MUSE opens the way for a revolution in SN environment studies where we are now able to study multiple environment SN progenitor dependencies using a single instrument and single pointing.

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The Type II supernovae 2006V and 2006au: two SN 1987A-like events

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Long-rising Type II supernovae from Palomar Transient Factory and Caltech Core-Collapse Project

Long-rising Type II supernovae from Palomar Transient Factory and Caltech Core-Collapse Project

A metallicity study of 1987A-like supernova host galaxies

Characterizing the environments of supernovae with MUSE

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