The type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene CDKAL1 polymorphism is associated with depressive symptom in first‐episode drug‐naive schizophrenic patients

Abstract

Background: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant association with the rs7754840 polymorphism in the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1).Objective: To examine whether this polymorphism was involved in the susceptibility in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients (FDSP), and further influenced their clinical symptoms.Methods: This polymorphism was genotyped in 239 FDSP and 368 healthy controls.The clinical symptoms in FDSP were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor models.Results: There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. However, the PANSS depressive score significantly differed by genotype in FDSP after adjusting for covariates (F = 5.25, p = 0.006). This significant difference also persisted after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). FDSP with C/C genotype had significantly higher PANSS depressive score than those with C/G genotype (p = 0.007) and those with G/G genotype (p = 0.005). Moreover, further stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed the significant association between the rs7754840 polymorphism and PANSS depressive score in FDSP (β = −1.07, t = −2.75, p = 0.007). Conclusions:Our findings demonstrated that although the CDKAL1 rs7754840 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FDSP, it might be implicated in depressive symptoms in this patient group.

Associations of decreased serum total protein, albumin, and globulin with depressive severity of schizophrenia

“…Psychiatric symptoms in patients were assessed by the Chinese Version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ( 23 ). A previous study has reported a new PANSS five-factor model including positive symptoms (composed of four PANSS items: P1, P3, P6, and G9), negative symptoms (composed of six PANSS items: N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, and G7), cognitive symptoms (composed of three PANSS items: P2, N5, and G11), excited symptoms (composed of four PANSS items: P4, P7, G8, and G14), and depressive symptoms (composed of three PANSS items: G2, G3, and G6) ( 24 , 25 ). The use of the Chinese version of PANSS was simultaneously trained for the attending psychiatrists prior to the initiation of this study.…”

Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction

“…Previous family-based genomewide linkage studies identified a number of overlapping risk loci between schizophrenia and diabetes, including chromosomes 1p13, 1p36, 1q21-24, 1q25, 2p13-22, 2q14, 2q33, 2q36, 3p22, 3q29, 4q25, 5q13, 6p21, 6q25, 7p15, 7p21, 7q21, 7q31, and 9p24 [154,155], which are the gene-rich regions that harbor multiple common candidate genes for susceptibility to these disorders [156]. Possible pleiotropic genes identified for targeting the association with metabolic syndrome susceptibility in persons with schizophrenia include the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT), endocannabinoid receptor type 1 gene (CNR1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), serotonin receptor 2A gene (HTR2A), serotonin receptor 2C gene (HTR2C), fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), leptin gene (LEP), leptin receptor gene (LEPR) [157], cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 gene (CDKAL1) [158], nitric oxide synthase 3 gene (NOS3) [159], solute carrier family 2 member 2 gene (SLC2A2), forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), and furin gene (FURIN) [160].…”