The Two Steps of Poly(A)-Dependent Termination, Pausing and Release, Can Be Uncoupled by Truncation of the RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-Terminal Repeat Domain

Park, Noh Jin; Tsao, David C.; Martinson, Harold G.

doi:10.1128/mcb.24.10.4092-4103.2004

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…After misincorporation, the mismatched nucleotide at position +1 of the RNA is frayed away from the template, thereby pausing RNAP. Pausing is the first step in backtracking [63,[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. The frayed nucleotide then inhibits RNA extension, because it prevents NTP binding, but favors backtracking, because the bp in position +1 is disrupted.…”

Section: Model For Transcriptional Proofreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA polymerase fidelity and transcriptional proofreading

Sydow

Cramer

2009

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

144

133

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Whereas mechanisms underlying the fidelity of DNA polymerases (DNAPs) have been investigated in detail, RNA polymerase (RNAP) fidelity mechanisms remained poorly understood. New functional and structural studies now suggest how RNAPs select the correct nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate to prevent transcription errors, and how the enzymes detect and remove a misincorporated nucleotide during proofreading. Proofreading begins with fraying of the misincorporated nucleotide away from the DNA template, which pauses transcription. Subsequent backtracking of RNAP by one position enables nucleolytic cleavage of an RNA dinucleotide that contains the misincorporated nucleotide. Since cleavage occurs at the same active site that is used for polymerization, the RNAP proofreading mechanism differs from that used by DNAPs, which contain a distinct nuclease specific active site.

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Section: Model For Transcriptional Proofreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA polymerase fidelity and transcriptional proofreading

Sydow

Cramer

2009

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

144

133

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“…It has been suggested that the poly(A) signal itself can direct RNAPII pausing. The AAUAAA-dependent pausing is mediated by CPSF but does not require the CTD and any other downstream pausing elements (Orozco et al 2002;Park et al 2004;Nag et al 2006Nag et al , 2007. Another sequence, a CCAAT-box in the adenovirus late promoter is necessary for termination of the upstream gene (Connelly and Manley 1989).…”

Section: Pausing the Polymerase: Another Factor In Rnapii Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

Richard

Manley²

2009

Genes Dev.

289

326

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Gene transcription in the cell nucleus is a complex and highly regulated process. Transcription in eukaryotes requires three distinct RNA polymerases, each of which employs its own mechanisms for initiation, elongation, and termination. Termination mechanisms vary considerably, ranging from relatively simple to exceptionally complex. In this review, we describe the present state of knowledge on how each of the three RNA polymerases terminates and how mechanisms are conserved, or vary, from yeast to human.

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“…Interestingly, Pcf11 transcript release activity requires a paused polymerase (Zhang et al 2005;Zhang and Gilmour 2006). Therefore, it is possible that the intrinsic ability of the poly(A) signal to pause the polymerase (Orozco et al 2002;Park et al 2004) is related to activation of the Pcf11 transcript release activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conserved AAUAAA hexamer of the poly(A) signal can act alone to trigger a stable decrease in RNA polymerase II transcription velocity

Nag¹,

Narsinh²,

Kazerouninia³

et al. 2006

RNA

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In vivo the poly(A) signal not only directs 39-end processing but also controls the rate and extent of transcription. Thus, upon crossing the poly(A) signal RNA polymerase II first pauses and then terminates. We show that the G/U-rich region of the poly(A) signal, although required for termination in vivo, is not required for poly(A)-dependent pausing either in vivo or in vitro. Consistent with this, neither CstF, which recognizes the G/U-rich element, nor the polymerase CTD, which binds CstF, is required for pausing. The only part of the poly(A) signal required to direct the polymerase to pause is the AAUAAA hexamer. The effect of the hexamer on the polymerase is long lasting-in many situations polymerases over 1 kb downstream of the hexamer continue to exhibit delayed progress down the template in vivo. The hexamer is the first part of the poly(A) signal to emerge from the polymerase and may play a role independent of the rest of the poly(A) signal in paving the way for subsequent events such as 39-end processing and termination of transcription.

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The Two Steps of Poly(A)-Dependent Termination, Pausing and Release, Can Be Uncoupled by Truncation of the RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-Terminal Repeat Domain

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

RNA polymerase fidelity and transcriptional proofreading

RNA polymerase fidelity and transcriptional proofreading

Transcription termination by nuclear RNA polymerases

The conserved AAUAAA hexamer of the poly(A) signal can act alone to trigger a stable decrease in RNA polymerase II transcription velocity

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