The two-step approach—a significant ANOVA F-test before Dunnett's comparisons against a control—is not recommended

Hothorn, Ludwig A.

doi:10.1080/03610926.2014.902225

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Some of the data did not have a normal distribution before and even after transformation. Therefore, Steel's test (a non-parametric version of the Dunnett test; [38]) was used to determine which means differed from the control considering that several authors suggested that errors in statistics can be prevented by carrying out direct comparisons with the control without subjecting the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA), especially when monotonicity between the dose and response is not assumed [39,40]. Nevertheless, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was performed as well, and the obtained findings are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor activity and body weight gain after exposure to low ribavirin doses in rats: role of treatment duration

Petković

Stojadinović

Kesić

et al. 2019

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

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Clinically-related basic studies on the behavioral effects of ribavirin treatment are still lacking despite its wide use as an antiviral medication. This paper considers the effects of low ribavirin doses (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day) on psychomotor activity (novelty-induced exploratory behavior, d-amphetamine (AMPH, 1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal)-induced motor activity), and body weight gain in socially undisturbed adult male Wistar rats 24 h after the first, seventh and fourteenth once-a-day injection. Low doses of ribavirin were tested in an attempt to avoid the recognized systemic side effects related to high-dose usage. None of the singly applied ribavirin doses affected exploratory/spontaneous and AMPH-induced motor behavior (locomotion, stereotypy-like and vertical activity), however, body weight gain was significantly lower after treatment with 30 mg/kg of ribavirin. The 7-and 14-day treatments with 10 and 30 mg/kg/day of ribavirin significantly suppressed novelty-induced locomotion and body weight gain; the 14-day treatment with ribavirin at a dose of 30 mg/kg/ day decreased AMPH-induced stereotypy. These findings indicate that repeated application (up to 14 days) of low ribavirin doses results in low novelty-induced locomotion along with reduced weight gain, accentuating the existence of a U-shaped dose-response relationship with a prolonged duration of ribavirin treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor activity and body weight gain after exposure to low ribavirin doses in rats: role of treatment duration

Petković

Stojadinović

Kesić

et al. 2019

ARCH BIOL SCI BELGRA

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“…The values were derived from four individual experiments for frogs immediately killed after 12 mo of exposure and from three individual experiments for frogs killed after 12 mo of depuration postexposure. Since the statistical distribution of the replicates was unknown (Gaussian or not) for four or three replicates, the comparison of each treatment (either BaP or TCS) with a single control was performed using the many-to-one comparison test of Dunnett (80,81) after log-transforming the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For snout-vent length and weight of F1 individuals, since the nature of the distribution of the results was not Gaussian for TCS parental exposure, the comparison of each parental treatment (either BaP or TCS) with a single control was performed using the many-to-one comparison test of Dunnett (80,81) after log-transforming the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline

Regnault

Usal

Veyrenc

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Despite numerous studies suggesting that amphibians are highly sensitive to endocrine disruptors (EDs), both their role in the decline of populations and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study showed that frogs exposed throughout their life cycle to ED concentrations low enough to be considered safe for drinking water, developed a prediabetes phenotype and, more commonly, a metabolic syndrome. Female exposed from tadpole stage to benzo()pyrene or triclosan at concentrations of 50 ng⋅L displayed glucose intolerance syndrome, liver steatosis, liver mitochondrial dysfunction, liver transcriptomic signature, and pancreatic insulin hypersecretion, all typical of a prediabetes state. This metabolic syndrome led to progeny whose metamorphosis was delayed and occurred while the individuals were both smaller and lighter, all factors that have been linked to reduced adult recruitment and likelihood of reproduction. We found that F animals did indeed have reduced reproductive success, demonstrating a lower fitness in ED-exposed Moreover, after 1 year of depuration, that had been exposed to benzo()pyrene still displayed hepatic disorders and a marked insulin secretory defect resulting in glucose intolerance. Our results demonstrate that amphibians are highly sensitive to EDs at concentrations well below the thresholds reported to induce stress in other vertebrates. This study introduces EDs as a possible key contributing factor to amphibian population decline through metabolism disruption. Overall, our results show that EDs cause metabolic disorders, which is in agreement with epidemiological studies suggesting that environmental EDs might be one of the principal causes of metabolic disease in humans.

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“…This test compares several sample groups with a control group to determine whether their mean value is significantly different from the control group. 26 This test is done using the Minitab software 27 to determine whether (1) the freeze/thaw cycles have an impact on the welded joints LSS and (2) the joints welded using a silane-coated HE present higher LSS than joints welded using UT HE. UT/Wet, Si/Dry and Si/Wet joints are compared to UT/Dry joints after 0, 135, 200, 500 and 1000 temperature cycles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of freeze/thaw cycling on the mechanical performance of resistance-welded carbon fibre/polyphenylene sulphide composite joints

Rohart

Lebel

Dubé

2020

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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This study evaluates the effects of freeze/thaw cycles on the mechanical performance and failure mode of resistance-welded carbon fibre/polyphenylene sulphide composite joints. Dry and moisture-saturated joints are subjected to 1000 temperature cycles varying between –40°C and 82°C. A silane coating is applied on the stainless steel mesh heating element to improve its adhesion with the polyphenylene sulphide polymer. Results show the limited impact that freeze/thaw cycles have on the lap shear strength of joints welded without any coating on the heating element. The silane coating improves the lap shear strength by 32% when no freeze/thaw cycles are applied to the joints. This improvement of 32% reduces when joints are subjected to freeze/thaw cycles but the mechanical performance remains superior to that of joints welded using uncoated heating element. Fracture surfaces show that fibre/matrix and stainless steel/matrix interfaces are both affected by the environmental conditions although it does not translate into lower lap shear strength.

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The two-step approach—a significant ANOVA F-test before Dunnett's comparisons against a control—is not recommended

Abstract: Decision-tree approaches are commonly used in the analysis of toxicological assays. This paper considers the widely-used and recommended approach of first applying the ANOVA F-test and, if it is significant, using the many-to-one comparison procedure of Dunnett (1955).

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Psychomotor activity and body weight gain after exposure to low ribavirin doses in rats: role of treatment duration

Psychomotor activity and body weight gain after exposure to low ribavirin doses in rats: role of treatment duration

Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline

Influence of freeze/thaw cycling on the mechanical performance of resistance-welded carbon fibre/polyphenylene sulphide composite joints

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