The Twenty Item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) provides meaningful evidence of face recognition impairment

Tsantani, Maria; Vestner, Tim; Cook, Richard

doi:10.1098/rsos.202062

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…First, some researchers argue that self-report questionnaires like the PI20 do not accurately depict face recognition abilities (Matsuyoshi & Watanabe, 2021 ; Palermo et al, 2017 ). This is because the associations between such questionnaires only weakly-to-moderately correlate with performance on cognitive tasks such as the CFMT (Bobak et al, 2019 ; Estudillo, 2021 ; Estudillo & Wong, 2021 ; Livingston & Shah, 2018 ; Matsuyoshi & Watanabe, 2021 ; Shah et al, 2015 ; Palermo et al, 2017 ; Tsantani et al, 2021 ; Ventura et al, 2018 ). Given that experimental tests provide objective data based on experiences designed to imitate those found in the real world (e.g., viewing a face and having to identify it), researchers assume that they must engage actual processes used in day-to-day life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

et al. 2022

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Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severe, lifelong difficulties when recognizing facial identity. Unfortunately, the most common diagnostic assessment (Cambridge Face Memory Test) misses 50–65% of individuals who believe that they have this condition. This results in such excluded cases’ absence from scientific knowledge, effect sizes of impairment potentially overestimated, treatment efficacy underrated, and may elicit in them a negative experience of research. To estimate their symptomology and group-level impairments in face processing, we recruited a large cohort who believes that they have prosopagnosia. Matching prior reports, 56% did not meet criteria on the Cambridge Face Memory Test. However, the severity of their prosopagnosia symptoms and holistic perception deficits were comparable to those who did meet criteria. Excluded cases also exhibited face perception and memory impairments that were roughly one standard deviation below neurotypical norms, indicating the presence of objective problems. As the prosopagnosia index correctly classified virtually every case, we propose it should be the primary method for providing a diagnosis, prior to subtype categorization. We present researchers with a plan on how they can analyze these excluded prosopagnosia cases in their future work without negatively impacting their traditional findings. We anticipate such inclusion will enhance scientific knowledge, more accurately estimate effect sizes of impairments and treatments, and identify commonalities and distinctions between these different forms of prosopagnosia. Owing to their atypicalities in visual perception, we recommend that the prosopagnosia index should be used to screen out potential prosopagnosia cases from broader vision research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

et al. 2022

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“…In addition to the AQ, all participants completed the 20-Item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) 30 – 32 ; a self-report measure of the traits associated with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). DP is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by severe face recognition impairments that is thought to co-occur with autism 33 , 34 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired grouping of ambient facial images in autism

Gehdu

Gray

Cook

2022

Sci Rep

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Ambient facial images depict individuals from a variety of viewing angles, with a range of poses and expressions, under different lighting conditions. Exposure to ambient images is thought to help observers form robust representations of the individuals depicted. Previous results suggest that autistic people may derive less benefit from exposure to this exemplar variation than non-autistic people. To date, however, it remains unclear why. One possibility is that autistic individuals possess atypical perceptual learning mechanisms. Alternatively, however, the learning mechanisms may be intact, but receive low-quality perceptual input from face encoding processes. To examine this second possibility, we investigated whether autistic people are less able to group ambient images of unfamiliar individuals based on their identity. Participants were asked to identify which of four ambient images depicted an oddball identity. Each trial assessed the grouping of different facial identities, thereby preventing face learning across trials. As such, the task assessed participants’ ability to group ambient images of unfamiliar people. In two experiments we found that matched non-autistic controls correctly identified the oddball identities more often than our autistic participants. These results imply that poor face learning from variation by autistic individuals may well be attributable to low-quality perceptual input, not aberrant learning mechanisms.

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“…The PI20 provides a reliable measure of face recognition (Shah et al, 2015;Tsantani et al, 2021). It consists of 20 statements scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree (Shah et al, 2015).…”

Section: The 20-item Prosopagnosia Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of face processing, social anhedonia and mentalizing to the expression of social autistic-like traits

Pieslinger

Wiskerke²,

Igelström³

2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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IntroductionQuantitative autistic-like traits (QATs) are a constellation of traits that mirror those of clinical autism and are thought to share the same mechanisms as the condition. There is great interest in identifying the genetic and neurobiological basis of QATs, but progress is hindered by the composite nature of these clinically based constructs. Social QATs are defined according to the diagnostic criteria for autism, comprising multiple potential neural mechanisms that may contribute to varying degrees. The objective of this study was to decompose social QATs into more specific constructs, in line with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We chose constructs with trait-like properties and known or suggested significance for autistic social function: (1) social anhedonia, (2) prosopagnosia (face blindness), and (3) mentalizing (attributing mental states to images of eyes). We hypothesized that these constructs may all contribute to observed variance in social QATs.MethodsWe recruited 148 adults with a broad range of QATs (mean age 37.9 years, range 18–69; 50% female; 5.4% autistic) to an experimental behavioral study conducted online. We estimated social QATs using the social factor of the Comprehensive Autistic Traits Inventory. We used the Oxford Face Matching Task and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to measure face matching ability and mentalizing, respectively. Social anhedonia traits were measured with the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale, and prosopagnosic traits with the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index. A combination of frequentist and Bayesian statistics was used to test the social constructs as predictors of social QATs.ResultsWe found that social anhedonic traits, prosopagnosic traits, and face matching performance were likely predictors of social QATs, whereas mentalizing showed limited contribution.ConclusionThe findings support prosopagnosic and anhedonic traits, but not mentalizing deficits, as dimensional predictors of individual differences in social function across the autistic spectrum. Further, the study strongly suggests that social reward systems and face processing networks play significant and independent roles in autistic-like social function.

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The Twenty Item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) provides meaningful evidence of face recognition impairment

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

A new approach to diagnosing and researching developmental prosopagnosia: Excluded cases are impaired too

Impaired grouping of ambient facial images in autism

Contributions of face processing, social anhedonia and mentalizing to the expression of social autistic-like traits

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