The Turkish "model" of civil-military relations

Varol, Ozan O.

doi:10.1093/icon/mot023

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…So long as one strong faction within the military remains committed to democracy, it can facilitate democratic progress and also assist in the extrication of the military from politics by allowing politicians to seize upon and exploit divisions within the military (Varol, 2013). Janowitz (1964) says armies with fractured or weak internal cohesion will have a lesser capacity to intervene in domestic politics.…”

Section: Factionalism In Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and Turkey (2002-2018

Khan¹

2021

pjia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pakistan and Turkey have shared many commonalties in their patterns of civil-military relationship till 2002. In the post-independent Pakistan and post-republican Turkey, the civil-military relations have often remained imbalanced. The military of both the republics have remained entrenched in the respective states politics and have exercised a hegemonic role in the internal and external politics of the republics. However, after 2002, Turkey has experienced a different trajectory of civil-military relationship while Pakistan is still passing through the same pattern of imbalanced civil-military interaction. This paper sheds light on these different patterns by comparing the trajectories of civil-military relationship of the two states. It demonstrates that Turkey has been successful in the application of democratic control over her armed forces in recent years while Pakistan besides having shared a similar pattern of civil-military relationship with Turkey (till 2002) is lagging behind in the commencement of democratic control over military. The paper shows that Justice and Development Party’ performance (AKP), European Union (EU) criteria, lesser internal and external threats, Erdogan’s charisma, continuity in political processes, and factionalism inside the army have been the factors which have contributed to the civilian supremacy in Turkey.

show abstract

Section: Factionalism In Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and Turkey (2002-2018

Khan¹

2021

pjia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As discussed above, factionalism within the Turkish military during the 1970s ensured that no faction could marshal sufficient support to affect a full takeover of the government. So long as one strong faction within the military remains committed to democracy, it can facilitate democratic progress and also assist in the extrication of the military from politics by allowing politicians to seize upon and exploit divisions within the military (Varol, 2013). And when a group inside the military is committed to secularism and authoritarianism, it will create obstacles in the way of civilian government.…”

Section: Factionalism Inside Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And when a group inside the military is committed to secularism and authoritarianism, it will create obstacles in the way of civilian government. It is a fact that in 1997 a sort of soft coup was staged against the Refah Party since the party attempted incorporation of Islam in its internal and foreign policies (Varol, 2013).…”

Section: Factionalism Inside Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Disengagement from Politics in Turkey: Lessons for Pakistan

Khan

Khan²,

Shah³

2021

GSSR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The armed forces had a predominant role in the Turkish polity until 2002. During 1960 and 2002, the military had staged direct coups, i.e. 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 and maintained an indirect role in internal and external politics through various institutions such as National Security Council (NSC), National Unity Command (NUC), Military courts, Military corporations (OYAK), and Military Pension Fund (MPF). However, the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has replaced the hitherto predominance of the army in Turkish polity. This research paper highlights that AKP has been successful in disengaging the military from politics with mass support, continuous successes in elections, and managing internal and external threats. Further, the manuscript explored the quest of Turkey to become a member of the European Union, great powers support to Tayyab Erdogan on ensuring human rights, and the principle of republicanism have contributed to the AKP project of civilian supremacy over the armed forces.

show abstract

“…12 Ozan O. Varol (2013), "The Turkish "Model" of Civil-Military Relations," International Journal of Constitutional Law, Jil. 11, Bil.…”

Section: Latar Belakang Pembentukan Perlembagaan Negara Turki Modenmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROSES PENDEMOKRASIAN DI TURKI: ANALISIS TERHADAP PINDAAN PERLEMBAGAAN TAHUN 2010 (Democratization in Turkey: An Analysis on the 2010 Constitutional Amendment)

Ibrahim

Halim

2020

JAT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proses sekularisasi yang dilaksanakan di Turki turut memberi kesan kepada perlembagaan negara tersebut. Perlembagaan Turki yang beridentiti sekular menjadikannya sebagai sebuah kontrak sosial yang bersifat mencengkam dan mengekang kebebasan individu, termasuklah untuk mengamalkan agama secara bebas. Kemunculan Parti Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) dengan wacana demokrasi konservatif cenderung untuk membuka ruang kebebasan yang lebih luas, termasuklah untuk membolehkan pengamalan agama dilakukan secara bebas. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pendemokrasian di Turki yang dilakukan oleh AKP menerusi pindaan perlembagaan pada tahun 2010. Artikel ini menganalisis secara langsung Perlembagaan Turki sebagai sumber primer kajian dengan meneliti perbezaan sebelum dan selepas pindaan pada tahun tersebut. Selain itu, senario sepanjang proses pindaan perlembagaan dilakukan turut dianalisis secara mendalam. Secara keseluruhan, pindaan perlembagaan tahun 2010 sememangnya menyumbang kepada proses pendemokrasian di Turki. Pindaan tersebut memberi kesan kepada kedudukan hak asasi rakyat, di samping tentera dan badan kehakiman yang selama ini diperuntukkan dengan bidang kuasa yang luas. Sebagai sebuah negara sekular, proses pendemokrasian merupakan langkah yang berkesan di Turki untuk membuka ruang kepada kebebasan pengamalan agama masyarakat.

show abstract

The Turkish "model" of civil-military relations

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and Turkey (2002-2018

Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan and Turkey (2002-2018

Military Disengagement from Politics in Turkey: Lessons for Pakistan

PROSES PENDEMOKRASIAN DI TURKI: ANALISIS TERHADAP PINDAAN PERLEMBAGAAN TAHUN 2010 (Democratization in Turkey: An Analysis on the 2010 Constitutional Amendment)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About