The turbulent characteristics of the radio refractive index near the ground

Optical scintillation:

“…In summary, we see, in accordance with Fellgett [ 1956a, b] The turbulence characteristics of a medium can be related to the density gradient by the austausch (meaning: exchange) coefficient K which itself is a function of stability, height above ground, and wind speed [Bean and McGavin, [1963b]. Following Stewart [1959] In the lower layers of the atmosphere, e is about 5 cm sec [Sutton, 1955] so that the viscosity-influenced eddies must be very small, of the order of 1 centimeter at the most.…”