The turbid specimen as an analytical medium: hemoglobin determination as a model

Sharma, Ajit; Artiss, Joseph D.; Strandbergh, Donald R.; Zak, Bennie

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90004-x

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, several reports indicate that results obtained using this method could be imprecise due to a number of factors: turbidity of the blood and the large dilution of the sample (20 μL of blood in 5 mL of Drabkin's solution) [22-24], it requires skillful technical operations in terms of accurate uptake of the blood volume into a calibrated hemoglobin pipette, careful mixing of the sample with the Drabkin's solution, measurement of absorbance in the photometer and calculation of actual value from a systematically constructed standard graph [12]. All these manual operations are time consuming and make the method unsuitable for large scale field/community studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin estimation by the HemoCue® portable hemoglobin photometer in a resource poor setting

et al. 2011

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BackgroundIn resource poor settings where automated hematology analyzers are not available, the Cyanmethemoglobin method is often used. This method though cheaper, takes more time. In blood donations, the semi-quantitative gravimetric copper sulfate method which is very easy and inexpensive may be used but does not provide an acceptable degree of accuracy. The HemoCue® hemoglobin photometer has been used for these purposes. This study was conducted to generate data to support or refute its use as a point-of-care device for hemoglobin estimation in mobile blood donations and critical care areas in health facilities.MethodEDTA blood was collected from study participants drawn from five groups: pre-school children, school children, pregnant women, non-pregnant women and men. Blood collected was immediately processed to estimate the hemoglobin concentration using three different methods (HemoCue®, Sysmex KX21N and Cyanmethemoglobin). Agreement between the test methods was assessed by the method of Bland and Altman. The Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the within subject variability of measured hemoglobin.ResultsOf 398 subjects, 42% were males with the overall mean age being 19.4 years. The overall mean hemoglobin as estimated by each method was 10.4 g/dl for HemoCue, 10.3 g/dl for Sysmex KX21N and 10.3 g/dl for Cyanmethemoglobin. Pairwise analysis revealed that the hemoglobin determined by the HemoCue method was higher than that measured by the KX21N and Cyanmethemoglobin. Comparing the hemoglobin determined by the HemoCue to Cyanmethemoglobin, the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.995 (95% CI: 0.994-0.996, p < 0.001). The Bland and Altman's limit of agreement was -0.389 - 0.644 g/dl with the mean difference being 0.127 (95% CI: 0.102-0.153) and a non-significant difference in variability between the two measurements (p = 0.843). After adjusting to assess the effect of other possible confounders such as sex, age and category of person, there was no significant difference in the hemoglobin determined by the HemoCue compared to Cyanmethemoglobin (coef = -0.127, 95% CI: -0.379 - 0.634).ConclusionHemoglobin determined by the HemoCue method is comparable to that determined by the other methods. The HemoCue photometer is therefore recommended for use as on-the-spot device for determining hemoglobin in resource poor setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin estimation by the HemoCue® portable hemoglobin photometer in a resource poor setting

et al. 2011

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“…The use of enzymic clarification of the plasma of lipaemic whole blood for haemoglobin determination and serum for glucose was recently reported (7,8). The same principle was used in the present investigation to clarify lipaemic neonatal serums for the bilirubin assays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Another obstacle encountered in adapting the previously reported technique to neonatal bilirubin determinations was the large sample to reagent ratio, relative to earlier reports (7,8), which meant dealing with a correspondingly larger amount of triglyceride in the reaction mixture. In addition, because of the photoreactiyity of bilirubin and because this was an off-line process, it seemed reasonable to keep the clarification time s short s possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Enzymic Clearing of Lipaemic Serum Following Total Parenteral Nutrition: Determination of Neonatal Bilirubin as a Model

Sharma¹,

Artiss²,

Strandbergh³

et al. 1986

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Summary: Bilirubin determinations in the newborn infant are one of the many analytical tests that can yield misleading results when the specimen is either iatrogenically or naturally lipaemic. Incorporation of a recently reported enzymic clarification System into a commercially available test kit enables one to conveniently and accurately quantify both total and direct bilirubin within the present procedural characteristics of the Bilirubin Stat Analyser Photometer. This Instrument measures the former directly with bichromatic spectrophotometry and the latter with a conventional diazo-type reaction. The proposed modification of existing reagents allows one to apply the assay to samples with äs niuch äs, and possibly more than 16 g/l of triglycerides which has been introduced into the vascular circulation äs intravenous total parenteral nutrition. Enzymatische Klärung von lipaemischem Serum nach totaler parenteraler Ernährung: Bestimmung von Bilirubin bei Neugeborenen als ModellZusammenfassung: Bilirabinbestimmungen bei Neugeborenen gehören zu den vielen analytischen Tests, die irreführende Resultate ergeben können, wenn die Probe entweder iatrogen oder von Natur aus lipaemisch ist. Die Einbeziehung eines kürzlich beschriebenen enzymatischen Klärungsverfahrens in ein käuflich erhältliches Testbesteck ermöglicht die bequeme und richtige quantitative Bestimmung von gesamtem und direktem Bilirubin im Rahmen der Vorgegebenen Verfahrenscharakteristik des Bilirubin Stat Analyser Photometers. Dieses Gerät mißt das gesamte Bilirubin direkt mit bichromatischer Spektrophotometrie und das direkte Bilirubin mit einer konventionellen Diäzoreaktion. Die vorgeschlagene Modifikation der vorhandenen Reagenzien erlaubt die Anwendung des Verfahrens auf Proben mit 16 g/l oder möglicherweise mehr Triglyceriden, die als intravenöse totale parentale Ernährung in den Kreislauf eingebracht wurden.

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“…The ready availability of highly active and nonspecific lipases, along with the sequential trapping of the fatty acids released to form a transparent hostguest complex following rapid lipolysis, makes this technique an intriguing one for manual or on-line automated processing. Thus far, the host in this technology has been a member of the cyclodextrins (53), which easily accommodates the released nonesterified fatty acids to create the transparent complex needed to avoid a created secondary turbidity (109) owing to the lipolytic release of three molecules of now nonesterified fatty acids from each molecule of triglyceride. Interestingly, this same cyclodextrin at higher concentrations has the capability of clearing serums by precipitating the low-density lipoproteins as well as the very-low-density lipoproteins that are the pre-b-lipoproteins and the chylomicrons (110).…”

Section: Enzymatic Clearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively more recent analytical attention to this problem of measurement in the presence of turbidity has included spectrophotometric approaches such as bichromatic measurement (39)(40)(41), trichromatic corrective actions (42), and reflectance measurements off of an opaque background (43)(44)(45), as well as ultracentrifugation (46)(47), chemical precipitation of lipoproteins (48,49), chromatographic clearing (50), enzymatic clearing (51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57), and some other miscellaneous procedures (58)(59)(60). Several of the techniques of the more recent technologies involve on-line systems such as enzymatic clearing (52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57) or detergent treatment, thus making them amenable to automation. The other techniques for clarification except some spectrophotometric ones for bypassing a clarification step are off-line and must be carried out prior to subjecting the sample to manual or automated instrumentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clarifying Solution for Hypertriglyceridemic Serums

Artiss

Morgan

Zak

1997

Microchemical Journal

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The turbid specimen as an analytical medium: hemoglobin determination as a model

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Hemoglobin estimation by the HemoCue® portable hemoglobin photometer in a resource poor setting

Hemoglobin estimation by the HemoCue® portable hemoglobin photometer in a resource poor setting

Enzymic Clearing of Lipaemic Serum Following Total Parenteral Nutrition: Determination of Neonatal Bilirubin as a Model

A Clarifying Solution for Hypertriglyceridemic Serums

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