The Tumorigenicity of Mutagenic Contact‐Sensitizing Chemicals

Albert, Roy E.; Magee, Philip S.

doi:10.1111/0272-4332.203031

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…MI and RI or CBPI are used as indicators of sufficient cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (Anderson et al, 1988;Scott et al, 1991;C xelik, 2006;Eke and C xelik, 2008). The interaction between cytotoxicity and tumor promotion was indicated in several studies performed by many researchers (Albert and Magee, 2000). In addition, cytotoxicity causes the tumor promotion through inflammation and/or humoral immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Fipronil Sister Chromatid Exchange, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Test, and Comet Assay

Çelık

Ekinci

Güler

et al. 2014

DNA and Cell Biology

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Fipronil (FP) is a phenylpyrazole pesticide developed by the transnational company Rhône-Poulenc Agro in 1987. Data on the genotoxicity and toxicity of FP are rather inadequate. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic activity of FP using the single-cell microgel electrophoresis or comet assay, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronuclei (MN) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In addition, the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) and proliferation index (PRI) were measured for cytotoxicity. In this study, three different doses of FP were used (0.7, 0.3, 0.1 μg/mL). Mitomycin C (2 μg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide were used as positive controls for SCE MN test systems, and comet assay, respectively. FP induced a statistically significant increase in the MN and SCE frequency and DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (p<0.01, p<0.05, for 0.7 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively) compared with a negative control. There is no significant difference between 0.1 μg/mL and the negative control for MN frequency, but there is significant difference between all the doses of FP and negative control for SCE frequency, mitotic index, CBPI, and PRI values (p<0.01). Using the alkaline comet assay, we showed that all the doses of the FP induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro (p<0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Fipronil Sister Chromatid Exchange, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Test, and Comet Assay

Çelık

Ekinci

Güler

et al. 2014

DNA and Cell Biology

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“…Thus, the National Toxicology Program of the USA evaluated 146 chemicals that had been studied for tumorigenicity and mutagenicity. About 20-28% of contact sensitizers were found to be mutagenic and/or tumorigenic (Albert and Magee 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thimerosal induces micronuclei in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus test with human lymphocytes

Westphal

Asgari

Schulz

et al. 2003

Archives of Toxicology

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Thimerosal is a widely used preservative in health care products, especially in vaccines. Due to possible adverse health effects, investigations on its metabolism and toxicity are urgently needed. An in vivo study on chronic toxicity of thimerosal in rats was inconclusive and reports on genotoxic effects in various in vitro systems were contradictory. Therefore, we reinvestigated thimerosal in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus test. Glutathione S-transferases were proposed to be involved in the detoxification of thimerosal or its decomposition products. Since the outcome of genotoxicity studies can be dependent on the metabolic competence of the cells used, we were additionally interested whether polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, or GSTP1) may influence the results of the micronucleus test with primary human lymphocytes. Blood samples of six healthy donors of different glutathione S-transferase genotypes were included in the study. At least two independent experiments were performed for each blood donor. Significant induction of micronuclei was seen at concentrations between 0.05-0.5 micro g/ml in 14 out of 16 experiments. Thus, genotoxic effects were seen even at concentrations which can occur at the injection site. Toxicity and toxicity-related elevation of micronuclei was seen at and above 0.6 micro g/ml thimerosal. Marked individual and intraindividual variations in the in vitro response to thimerosal among the different blood donors occurred. However, there was no association observed with any of the glutathione S-transferase polymorphism investigated. In conclusion, thimerosal is genotoxic in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus test with human lymphocytes. These data raise some concern on the widespread use of thimerosal.

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“…Six animals from each group were used for chromosomal aberrations (CA) analysis. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells was carried out according to Preston et al (), with slight modifications. An aqueous solution of colchicine (2 mg/kg b.w.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides have high activity against insects and widespread application in virtually all sectors of food protection and pest control. For these reasons, they are extensively used in controlling insect pests on major crops and animal health, either separately or as a mixture (Bradbury and Coast, ; Vijveberg and Bercken, ; Villarini et al, ; Tomizawa and Casida, ; Kocaman and Topaktaş, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or thiacloprid on wistar rat bone marrow cells

Şekeroğlu

Kefelioğlu

2011

Environ. Toxicol

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Deltamethrin (DEL) and thiacloprid (THIA) are two insecticides that are widely used in agriculture either separately or in combination. Studies on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TIA and the mixture of DEL and THIA insecticides have not been reported so far. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of commercial formulations DEL and/or THIA in rat bone marrow cells, using mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) assay. In vivo cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using cytochalasin-B in bone marrow cells was performed for the first time in this study. Rats were orally gavaged with a single dose of DEL (15 mg/kg), THIA (112.5 mg/kg) or DEL + THIA (15 + 112.5 mg/kg) for 24 h (acute treatments), or DEL (3 mg/kg/day), THIA (22.5 mg/kg/day) or DEL + THIA (3 + 22.5 mg/kg/day) for 30 days (subacute treatments). A corn oil vehicle control group and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) positive control group were also included. All DEL and/or THIA treatments significantly decreased MI and binucleated (BN) cell numbers, and significantly increased CA, as compared to the vehicle control group. The results of CBMN assay indicated that the combination of DEL and THIA for both treatment times and the 30-day treatment with THIA alone caused a significant increase in micronucleus formation in BN cells. The present findings indicated the combined exposure of DEL and THIA showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effects more than those of individual exposure of DEL or THIA in rat bone marrow cells.

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The Tumorigenicity of Mutagenic Contact‐Sensitizing Chemicals

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Fipronil Sister Chromatid Exchange, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Test, and Comet Assay

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Fipronil Sister Chromatid Exchange, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Test, and Comet Assay

Thimerosal induces micronuclei in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus test with human lymphocytes

Cytogenetic effects of commercial formulations of deltamethrin and/or thiacloprid on wistar rat bone marrow cells

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