The Tulip: Botany, Usage, Growth, and Development

Hertogh, A. A. De; Aung, L. H.; Benschop, M.

doi:10.1002/9781118060728.ch2

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…In both species the bulb contains specialized scales that serve as the primary storage tissue. Such scales are modified leaves attached to a modified short stem called the basal plate, which at the same time bears roots and at least one axillary bud (De Hertogh et al 1983; De Hertogh and Le Nard 1993b) ( Figure 1B). …”

Section: Reproduction In Bulbous Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One growth cycle of an adult bulb takes a year in both species; however, they differ in the time of flowering. In cultivation, tulip bulbs are planted in late autumn, the shoot apical meristem sprouts by the end of the cold period (winter), the floral bud opens in spring, and the resulting daughter bulbs are lifted from the ground in early summer (De Hertogh et al 1983) (Figure 2A …”

Section: What Is Known About Vegetative Propagation In Tulip and Lily?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, its axillary bud seems to be located on the outside of the mother bulb. The SAM of bulbs can be found in either vegetative or reproductive state, depending on the size of the bulb (De Hertogh et al 1983), the environmental conditions, and internal signals. Mature flowering-size tulip bulbs hold on average five bulb-scales and six axillary buds named from inner to outer A, B, C, D, E and H, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outermost bud is always referred to as 'H-bud". This is the bud formed from the axillary meristem in the axil of the tunica and its name comes from the Dutch word "huid" which refers to skin (tunica) (De Hertogh et al 1983). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By then, the energy sources in the scales of the mother bulb have been consumed, the mother bulb senesced, and the daughter bulbs are found in "clumps" attached by the vestigial basal plate of the senesced mother bulb. For the commercial growth of tulips, this moment represents the end of the growing season, and at that moment the "clumps" are lifted from the ground, the daughter bulbs are detached, cleaned, sorted by size, and stored at warm conditions (~20°C) until planting time in autumn (De Hertogh et al 1983;De Hertogh and Le Nard 1993b;Kamenetsky 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

Moreno-Pachon

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Section: Reproduction In Bulbous Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is Known About Vegetative Propagation In Tulip and Lily?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of vegetative propagation in bulbs : a molecular approach

Moreno-Pachon

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Role of Tulipa gesneriana TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TgTB1) in the control of axillary bud outgrowth in bulbs

et al. 2017

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Key messageTulip vegetative reproduction.AbstractTulips reproduce asexually by the outgrowth of their axillary meristems located in the axil of each bulb scale. The number of axillary meristems in one bulb is low, and not all of them grow out during the yearly growth cycle of the bulb. Since the degree of axillary bud outgrowth in tulip determines the success of their vegetative propagation, this study aimed at understanding the mechanism controlling the differential axillary bud activity. We used a combined physiological and “bottom-up” molecular approach to shed light on this process and found that first two inner located buds do not seem to experience dormancy during the growth cycle, while mid-located buds enter dormancy by the end of the growing season. Dormancy was assessed by weight increase and TgTB1 expression levels, a conserved TCP transcription factor and well-known master integrator of environmental and endogenous signals influencing axillary meristem outgrowth in plants. We showed that TgTB1 expression in tulip bulbs can be modulated by sucrose, cytokinin and strigolactone, just as it has been reported for other species. However, the limited growth of mid-located buds, even when their TgTB1 expression is downregulated, points at other factors, probably physical, inhibiting their growth. We conclude that the time of axillary bud initiation determines the degree of dormancy and the sink strength of the bud. Thus, development, apical dominance, sink strength, hormonal cross-talk, expression of TgTB1 and other possibly physical but unidentified players, all converge to determine the growth capacity of tulip axillary buds.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00497-017-0316-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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