The Tubeworm Forests of Hydrothermal Vents and Cold Seeps

Tunnicliffe, Verena; Cordes, Erik E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57054-5_6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The slim tubeworms were generally slim (only approximately 0.5 mm) and long (more than 1 m), looking like a cluster of weeds standing on the seafloor in the Haima cold seep areas, thereby their tubes make up most of the whole tubeworm bodies . It was reported that chitin was the major component of tubeworm tubes. , Moreover, chitin can adsorb toxic organic pollutants due to its excellent adsorption performance from the surrounding environments. , Therefore, high levels of chitin may be the main reason slim tubeworms had such a high bioaccumulation ability in this study. In summary, SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs can be simultaneously bioaccumulated in biotas from the Haima cold seeps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain-Chlorinated Paraffins in Benthic Biotas of the Haima Cold Seep, South China Sea

Lyu,

Chen,

Fang

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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The bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in deep-sea environments are vital, but no information is currently available. In the present study, CPs were analyzed in seawater, sediments, and benthic biotas from the Haima cold seeps, South China Sea. Total CP concentrations in biota ranged from 264.7 to 12874.4 ng/g of lipid weight, and their average concentrations, ranked from the highest to lowest, are as follows: sea cucumber ≈ slim tubeworm > crab > brittle star ≈ snail ≈ shrimp ≈ mussel > clam ≈ giant tubeworm. Benthic biotas displayed high accumulation abilities for SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, exhibiting at least medium-level pollution in the Haima cold seeps. Seawater was considered to be the primary source of CPs for biotas. Higher bioaccumulation potentials occurred in nonchemosymbiotic biotas than in chemosymbiotic biotas. Biomagnification for SCCPs and MCCPs and biodilution for LCCPs were observed between snails and mussels. No trophic transfer patterns were found in the whole benthic biota of the Haima cold seeps. This is the first report of CP bioaccumulation in the deep-sea environment. The results will provide insights into further studying the biological trophodynamics and ecological risks of CPs in deep-sea environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain-Chlorinated Paraffins in Benthic Biotas of the Haima Cold Seep, South China Sea

Lyu,

Chen,

Fang

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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“…A few species in our study inhabit other chemosynthetic‐based ecosystems. One example, the vestimentiferan tubeworm Lamellibrachia columna Southward, 1991, has a disjunct vent range, but does occur at bridging methane seeps in the SW Pacific (McCowin et al., 2019; Tunnicliffe & Cordes, 2020). Vent systems with sedimented sites often have more seep species, as noted by Watanabe et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal vent fauna of the western Pacific Ocean: Distribution patterns and biogeographic networks

Tunnicliffe,

Chen,

Giguère

et al. 2023

Diversity and Distributions

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AimDeep‐sea hydrothermal vent habitats support a low‐diversity fauna in which most species are unique to the ecosystem. To inform conservation planning around this vulnerable marine ecosystem, we examine species distributions over a wide area to assess the underlying beta‐diversity components and to examine biogeographic patterns. We assess the concept of a highly connected fauna that would repopulate areas of local extinction from distal locations.LocationWestern Pacific Ocean from Japan to New Zealand.MethodsWe assemble a database of 295 confirmed species records for 11 western Pacific vent systems. The SET beta‐diversity framework supports query of the distribution of pairwise pattern components in comparisons among vent systems. We build a network based in graph theory to examine connectivity among vent systems based on shared species similarity. A bipartite network revealed the relative role of each species in linkages among vent system nodes. We assess the importance of sampling bias and distance between systems.ResultsOverall, two‐thirds of the taxa are restricted to a single basin or arc. The Mariana Trough system has the highest corrected weighted endemism for vent‐specific species, followed by that of the Okinawa Trough. Species replacement is the dominant feature of beta‐diversity. Eleven vent systems form seven network modules with stronger connectivity in the Southwest than Northwest Pacific. The Manus Basin vent system emerges as a network ‘hub’ reflecting its central geographic near the equator.Main ConclusionTwo western Pacific biogeographic provinces arise, north and south of the equator that few species transcend. Local and regional conservation plans should consider the low network connectivity and high system endemism in management of hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the event of seabed mining. Species recruitment is unlikely to transcend vent system boundaries. We identify Okinawa Trough, Mariana Trough, Manus Basin, Feni‐Tabar Arc and Kermadec Arc for development of conservation plans that initiate or expand protection.

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“…In the back-arc, the hairy snail Alviniconcha hessleri forms low mounds providing additional surface area for associated species while foundation species are absent from most arc sites. In contrast, the siboglinid tubeworm ( Ridgeia piscesae ) on JdF creates complex bush-like structures at every site that greatly expand the surface area accessing vent fluids and support a complex association of microbes and fauna [ 56 ]. For the Mariana back-arc, we found no environmental factors to explain differences in α-diversity and also no correlation between β-diversity and site distances, thus no support for the hypothesis of an along-strike faunal shift.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data derive from many studies (e.g. [ 25 , 53 – 56 ]) in addition to work at individual vents and in systematic descriptions. Vent assemblages of the southern and northern sites (South Cleft and Explorer) are less well assessed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta diversity differs among hydrothermal vent systems: Implications for conservation

Giguère

Tunnicliffe

2021

PLoS ONE

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Deep-sea hydrothermal vent habitats are small, rare and support unique species through chemosynthesis. As this vulnerable ecosystem is increasingly threatened by human activities, management approaches should address biodiversity conservation. Diversity distribution data provide a useful basis for management approaches as patterns of β-diversity (the change in diversity from site to site) can guide conservation decisions. Our question is whether such patterns are similar enough across vent systems to support a conservation strategy that can be deployed regardless of location. We compile macrofaunal species occurrence data for vent systems in three geological settings in the North Pacific: volcanic arc, back-arc and mid-ocean ridge. Recent discoveries in the Mariana region provide the opportunity to characterize diversity at many vent sites. We examine the extent to which diversity distribution patterns differ among the systems by comparing pairwise β-diversity, nestedness and their additive components. A null model approach that tests whether species compositions of each site pair are more or less similar than random provides insight into community assembly processes. We resolve several taxonomic uncertainties and find that the Mariana arc and back-arc share only 8% of species despite their proximity. Species overlap, species replacement and richness differences create different diversity distributions within the three vent systems; the arc system exhibits much greater β-diversity than both the back-arc and mid-ocean ridge systems which, instead, show greater nestedness. The influence of nestedness on β-diversity also increased from the arc to back-arc to ridge. Community assembly processes appear more deterministic in the arc and ridge systems while back-arc site pairs deviate little from the null expectation. These analyses reflect the need for a variety of management strategies that consider the character of diversity distribution to protect hydrothermal vents, especially in the context of mining hydrothermal deposits.

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The Tubeworm Forests of Hydrothermal Vents and Cold Seeps

Cited by 7 publications

References 183 publications

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain-Chlorinated Paraffins in Benthic Biotas of the Haima Cold Seep, South China Sea

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Short-, Medium-, and Long-Chain-Chlorinated Paraffins in Benthic Biotas of the Haima Cold Seep, South China Sea

Hydrothermal vent fauna of the western Pacific Ocean: Distribution patterns and biogeographic networks

Beta diversity differs among hydrothermal vent systems: Implications for conservation

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