The Tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection: A report of two cases at a tertiary referral in Indonesia

Zaini, Jamal; Fadhillah, Muhamad Rizqy; Reisa, Tina; Isbaniyah, Fathiyah; Handayani, Raden Rara Diah

doi:10.3855/jidc.15481

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The radiological findings of active tuberculosis and COVID-19 are often similar. Isolated upper-lobe pulmonary infiltrates are suggestive of TB, and lower infiltrates of other bacterial infections ( 22 ). Data showed that in almost half of patients co-infected with TB and COVID-19, CT findings were concluded only on COVID-19 ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection in Serbia: Pandemic challenge in a low-burden country

et al. 2022

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IntroductionCOVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) represent global threats to the public health system. The impact of COVID-19 on TB results in a reduction in the number of notified TB cases, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and increased case fatality and mortality rates. The aim of the study was to analyze the TB/COVID-19 co-infected cohort in Serbia as a low-burden country and compare it to the global TB/COVID-19 cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis was done on 53 TB and COVID-19 co-infected patients treated in COVID hospital “Batajnica” in Belgrade and Special Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases “Ozren” Sokobanja in the period from 6 March 2020 to 1 April 2022. A comparative analysis with the global cohort published recently was also performed.ResultsTB/COVID-19 cohort in Serbia included significantly fewer migrants and diabetes cases, but more cases with chronic respiratory diseases compared to the global. Descriptive analysis of TB cases in the Serbian TB/COVID-19 cohort showed fewer cases diagnosed with sputum smear and Gene Xpert/HAIN, fewer EPTB and mono-resistant cases, and more cases diagnosed with solid culture, unilateral pulmonary infiltrate (with bilateral cavity lesions), and bilateral pulmonary infiltrate (no cavities) compared to TB/COVID-19 cases worldwide. Nasal congestion and fever were more common COVID-19 symptoms in the global cohort. Radiology was more commonly used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in Serbia. Typical bilateral ground opacities were less common among Serbian patients. Serbian patients spent fewer days in the hospital and achieved a higher PCR conversion rate and TB treatment success rate.ConclusionThe Serbian TB/COVID-19 cohort achieved a higher treatment success rate compared to the global cohort. Encouraging vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 for people with a current or past TB disease, as well as rapid diagnosis and targeted treatment of TB in highly specialized pulmonology institutions, presents key points to avoid excessive morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection in Serbia: Pandemic challenge in a low-burden country

et al. 2022

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“…In regard to the current Coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) situation, TB patients might be basically susceptible to COVID-19 infection. T-lymphocyte and macrophage depletion in TB patients play an important role in the severe presentation of COVID-19 (39). The crosslink of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 might contribute to the susceptibility of TB COVID-19 coinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of chemokine and cytokine expression pattern in tuberculous lymphadenitis patient

et al. 2022

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IntroductionC-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR-2) and C-C chemokine ligand-5 (CCL-5) play an important role in the migration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Meanwhile, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), activated by interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in tuberculosis (TB) infection, play an important role in phagocytosis, inflammation, and granulomatous-forming processes that may lead to TB treatment success or failure. However, there are no data about the expression of those markers in tuberculous lymphadenitis. The characterization of those markers is very critical to put a fundamental basis to understand the homing mechanism of tuberculous lymphadenitis.Aim of studyThe specific objective of this study is to characterize the expression pattern of CCR-2-CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3 in tuberculous lymphadenitis.MethodsThe study was performed on 27 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis node biopsies. The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis was based on the clinical criteria and the presence of the histological feature characteristic of TB granulomas. Afterward, immunohistochemistry was stained with CCR-2, CCL-5, IL-6, IL-10, STAT-3, and SOCS-3. A semiquantitative analysis of IHC images was performed to examine protein expression in stained preparations. The expression was also manually counted.ResultsCompared with the normal area, both lymphocytes and macrophages expressed strongly CCR-2-, CCL-5, and IL-6, while IL-10, STAT-3-, and SOCS-3- were expressed lowly. There was a strong positive correlation between CCR-2 with IL-6 (p = 0,83) and IL-10 (p = 0,83).ConclusionThe chronic infection process of tuberculous lymphadenitis was characterized by the expression of IL-10low, STAT-3low, SOCS-3low, CCR-2high, CCL-5high, and IL-6high.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05202548.

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“…In addition to COVID-19, tuberculosis is still considered to be a major infectious disease, with 10.6 million newly diagnosed cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2021 [ 5 ]. Amid the COVID-19 epidemic, several countries have reported tuberculosis–COVID-19 coinfection through some studies [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], and increasing numbers of tuberculosis–COVID-19 coinfection cases have been reported. Several reviews and meta-analyses have shown that COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis have a higher risk of death or poorer therapeutic outcomes compared to counterparts without tuberculosis [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Tuberculosis on Disease Severity and Viral Shedding Duration in COVID-19 Patients

Huang,

Liu,

Yan

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Accumulating evidence show a potential association between tuberculosis and COVID-19 disease severity. To further clarify the impact of tuberculosis on COVID-19 disease severity and viral shedding duration, a retrospective study was conducted on 223 COVID-19 patients, including 34 with tuberculosis and 189 without tuberculosis. Clinical information and viral load shedding time were collected. A higher percentage of severe/critical COVID-19 diagnosis and deaths was observed in patients with tuberculosis than in those without tuberculosis (8.8% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.142; 2.9% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.393), and COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis had longer viral shedding than those without tuberculosis (median: 15.0 days vs. 11.0 days; p = 0.0001). Having tuberculosis (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.37–3.00; p = 0.000), being of elderly age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03; p = 0.001) and being diagnosed with severe or critical COVID-19 (HR = 5.63, 95% CI 2.10–15.05; p = 0.001) were independent factors associated with prolonged virus time of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy time (ATT) for <2 months had a significantly longer virus shedding duration than those receiving ATT for ≥ 4 months (17.5 vs. 11.5 days, p = 0.012). Our results demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis tend to have more severe disease and a worse prognosis, and tuberculosis prolonged viral shedding, highlighting special attention and/or care required for COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis receiving ATT for <2 months.

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The Tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfection: A report of two cases at a tertiary referral in Indonesia

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection in Serbia: Pandemic challenge in a low-burden country

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection in Serbia: Pandemic challenge in a low-burden country

Characterization of chemokine and cytokine expression pattern in tuberculous lymphadenitis patient

Impact of Tuberculosis on Disease Severity and Viral Shedding Duration in COVID-19 Patients

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