The Tryptophan decarboxylase 1 Gene From Aegilops variabilis No.1 Regulate the Resistance Against Cereal Cyst Nematode by Altering the Downstream Secondary Metabolite Contents Rather Than Auxin Synthesis

Huang, Qiulan; Li, Lin; Zheng, Minghui; Chen, Fang; Long, Hai; Deng, Guangbing; Pan, Zhifen; Liang, Jinsong; Qiao, Li; Yu, Maoqun; Zhang, Haili

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01297

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…In this research, we selected three wheat genotypes, including wild emmer, durum, and bread wheat, to address the fundamental question of the effect of domestication on plant resistance against aphids. To understand the overall gene levels and the differential gene expression between genotypes [75], we compared the transcriptomes of 11-day-old seedlings of the three genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids

et al. 2020

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Background: Young wheat plants are continuously exposed to herbivorous insect attack. To reduce insect damage and maintain their growth, plants evolved different defense mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of deterrent compounds named benzoxazinoids, and/or trichome formation that provides physical barriers. It is unclear whether both of these mechanisms are equally critical in providing an efficient defense for wheat seedlings against aphids-an economically costly pest in cereal production.Results: In this study, we compared the transcriptome, metabolome, benzoxazinoids, and trichome density of three selected wheat genotypes, with a focus on differences related to defense mechanisms. We chose diverse wheat genotypes: two tetraploid wheat genotypes, domesticated durum 'Svevo' and wild emmer 'Zavitan,' and one hexaploid bread wheat, 'Chinese Spring.' The full transcriptomic analysis revealed a major difference between the three genotypes, while the clustering of significantly different genes suggested a higher similarity between the two domesticated wheats than between either and the wild wheat. A pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the genes associated with primary metabolism, as well as the pathways associated with defense such as phytohormones and specialized metabolites, were different between the three genotypes. Measurement of benzoxazinoid levels at the three time points (11, 15, and 18 days after germination) revealed high levels in the two domesticated genotypes, while in wild emmer wheat, they were below detection level. In contrast to the benzoxazinoid levels, the trichome density was dramatically higher in the wild emmer than in the domesticated wheat. Lastly, we tested the bird cherry-oat aphid's (Rhopalosiphum padi) performance and found that Chinese Spring is more resistant than the tetraploid genotypes. Conclusions: Our results show that benzoxazinoids play a more significant defensive role than trichomes. Differences between the abundance of defense mechanisms in the wild and domesticated plants were observed in which wild emmer possesses high physical defenses while the domesticated wheat genotypes have high chemical defenses. These findings provide new insights into the defense adaptations of wheat plants against aphids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids

et al. 2020

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“…High throughput methods like RNA-seq analysis are widely used to identify the 466 differential expression of genes (Huang et al, 2018). Hence, RNA-seq was performed to find the 467 differential expression of genes in S. viridis leaves following 96 h of herbivore feeding.…”

Section: Discussion 446mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the effects 487 of serotonin on herbivore growth and feeding behavior is not yet clear. For example, previous 488 experiments using mutants of CYP71A1, which encodes to T5H enzyme, showed that lack of 489 serotonin increased resistance to planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) (Lu et al, 2018), while 490 exposure to the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) induced serotonin synthesis in wild type 491 rice plants (Ishihara et al, 2008a). This suggests that the function of serotonin in defense is 492 species-specific.…”

Section: Discussion 446mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterodera avenae (Huang et al, 2018). On the other hand, a recent study of the mutated 105 CYP71A1 (T5H) in rice, demonstrated that reduced serotonin levels caused higher susceptibility 106 to rice blast Magnaporthe grisea, but also conferred resistance to rice brown spot disease 107 (Bipolaris oryzae), and the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) (Lu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introduction 56mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing the serotonin biosynthesis pathway upon aphid infestation in Setaria viridis leaves

Dangol

Yaakov

Jander³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Number of tables: 2; number of figures: 7 22 Word count: 6,146 23 Number of supplementary tables: 8; number of supplementary figures: 1 24 HIGHLIGHT 25 A combined transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of Setaria viridis leaves response to aphid 26 and caterpillar infestation identifies the genes related to the biosynthesis of serotonin and their 27 function in defense. 28 29 ABSTRACT 30 Setaria viridis (green foxtail millet), a short life-cycle C4 plant in the Gramineae, serves as a 31 resilient crop that provides good yield even in dry and marginal land. Although S. viridis has 32 been studied extensively in the last decade, its defense responses, in particular the chemical 33 defensive metabolites that protect it against insect herbivory, are unstudied. To characterize S. 34 viridis defense responses, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolomic assays of plants 35 infested with aphids and caterpillars. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated massive 36 transcriptomic changes that involve genes from amino acid biosynthesis and degradation, 37 secondary metabolites and phytohormone biosynthesis. The Trp-derived metabolite serotonin 38 was notably induced by insect feeding. Through comparisons with known rice serotonin 39 biosynthetic genes, we identified several predicted S. viridis Trp decarboxylases and cytochrome 40 P450 genes that were up-regulated in response to insect feeding. The function of one Trp 41 decarboxylase was validated by ectopic expression and detection of tryptamine accumulation in 42 Nicotiana tabacum. To validate the defensive properties of serotonin, we used an artificial diet 43 assay to show reduced Rhopalosiphum padi aphid survival with increasing serotonin 44 concentrations. This demonstrated that serotonin is a defensive metabolite in S. viridis and is 45 fundamental for understanding the adaptation of it to biotic stresses. 46 47 KEY WORDS 48 Insect herbivore, metabolite profile, RNAseq, Rhopalosiphum padi, Serotonin, Setaria viridis, 49 transcriptome, tryptophan 50 51 ABBREVIATIONS 52 S. viridis, Setaria viridis; R. padi, Rhopalosiphum padi; TDC, Trp decarboxylases; T5H, 53 tryptamine 5-hydroxylase; 54 55 K, Miyagawa H. 2011. Probing the role of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in defense responses against Bipolaris oryzae infection in rice leaves by a suicide substrate of tryptophan decarboxylase. Phytochemistry 72, 7-13. Joung J-G, Corbett AM, Fellman SM, Tieman DM, Klee HJ, Giovannoni JJ, Fei Z. 2009. Plant MetGenMAP: an integrative analysis system for plant systems biology. Plant Physiology 151, 1758 LP-1768.

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“…A gene encoding tryptophan decarboxylase1 was strongly induced in Ae. variabilis roots during early stages of nematode infection compared to non-infected controls, but when silenced using the barley striped mosaic virus gene silencing system, the plant roots showed enhanced susceptibility to infection [72]. Tryptophan decarboxylase converts tryptophan to tryptamine, a precursor for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and the phytohormone IAA.…”

Section: Genes Associated With Disease Resistance Against Soilborne Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back

Okubara¹,

Peetz

Sharpe

2019

Agronomy

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Realizing the yield potential of crop plants in the presence of shifting pathogen populations, soil quality, rainfall, and other agro-environmental variables remains a challenge for growers and breeders worldwide. In this review, we discuss current approaches for combatting the soilborne phytopathogenic nematodes, Pratylenchus and Heterodera of wheat and barley, and Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield, 1965 of rice. The necrotrophic fungal pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn 1858 AG-8 and Fusarium spp. of wheat and barley, also are discussed. These pathogens constitute major causes of yield loss in small-grain cereals of the Pacific Northwest, USA and throughout the world. Current topics include new sources of genetic resistance, molecular leads from whole genome sequencing and genome-wide patterns of hosts, nematode or fungal gene expression during root-pathogen interactions, host-induced gene silencing, and building a molecular toolbox of genes and regulatory sequences for deployment of resistance genes. In conclusion, improvement of wheat, barley, and rice will require multiple approaches.

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The Tryptophan decarboxylase 1 Gene From Aegilops variabilis No.1 Regulate the Resistance Against Cereal Cyst Nematode by Altering the Downstream Secondary Metabolite Contents Rather Than Auxin Synthesis

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids

Characterizing the serotonin biosynthesis pathway upon aphid infestation in Setaria viridis leaves

Cereal Root Interactions with Soilborne Pathogens—From Trait to Gene and Back

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