The truth and bias model of judgment.

West, Tessa V.; Kenny, David A.

doi:10.1037/a0022936

Cited by 345 publications

(727 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The lower (ie, within-person) level is composed of both partners' diary-level data (ie, men's perception of women's pain and women's selfreported pain), whereas the upper (between-person) level consists of men's person-level data (ie, within-person variability in relationship satisfaction). Following West and Kenny, 50 women's self-reported pain on a given instance of vaginal intercourse (ie, the within-person predictor) was centered on each woman's mean self-report of her pain (ie, within-person centering). Thus, the within-person predictor score represents the deviation of women's pain score on a given day of vaginal intercourse from women's mean pain score over all days of vaginal intercourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,22,38 Although perfect agreement is improbable given that the patient and observer have access to different information about the pain, and may at times be unnecessary, 30 a partner's ability to estimate a patient's pain may lead to better adjustment among chronic pain couples. 13,16,32,34,36,40 The accuracy of pain estimation can be characterized in 2 distinct ways 21,50 : (1) the difference between partners' estimates of patient pain and the patients' pain (ie, mean-level bias) and (2) by the strength of the association between partners' estimates of pain and patients' pain across time (ie, agreement or tracking accuracy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within-person variability in relationship satisfaction moderates partners' pain estimation in vulvodynia couples

Rosen

Sadikaj

Bergeron

2015

Pain

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Models of pain communication propose that the social environment contributes to partners' pain estimation. This study examined partners' pain estimation in vulvodynia, an idiopathic vulvovaginal pain condition that disrupts the sexuality and relationships of affected couples. Specifically, we investigated (1) the overall bias and tracking accuracy of male partners' perceptions of women's pain during intercourse and (2) the influence of men's within-person variability in relationship satisfaction on bias and accuracy. Sixty-nine women (mean age = 28.1, SD = 6.7) diagnosed with vulvodynia and their cohabiting male partners (mean age = 29.7, SD = 8.1) participated in an 8-week daily diary study. On sexual intercourse days (mean = 6.1, SD = 5.4), men reported their perception of women's pain during intercourse and women self-reported their pain. Men reported their daily relationship satisfaction on all diary days. Men's within-person variability in relationship satisfaction was represented by the SD of relationship satisfaction scores across all daily diaries. Results indicated that men's perceptions were both accurate in that they tracked changes in women's pain and biased in that they generally underestimated this pain. Men's variability in relationship satisfaction moderated tracking accuracy such that men with higher variability manifested lower tracking accuracy for women's pain. Men's higher variability in relationship satisfaction may interfere with their motivation to accurately infer their female partner's pain. Poorer pain estimation may impair men's ability to adjust their emotional and behavioral responses to women's pain, which may have negative consequences for the couples' coping with vulvodynia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-person variability in relationship satisfaction moderates partners' pain estimation in vulvodynia couples

Rosen

Sadikaj

Bergeron

2015

Pain

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“…As previously discussed, first impressions can be examined in two ways: group consensus and overall accuracy (e.g., West & Kenny, 2011). In many cases, consensus and accuracy may be unrelated (e.g.. Rule et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does aging impair first impression accuracy? Differentiating emotion recognition from complex social inferences.

Krendl

Rule

Ambady³

2014

Psychology and Aging

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Young adults can be surprisingly accurate at making inferences about people from their faces. Although these first impressions have important consequences for both the perceiver and the target, it remains an open question whether first impression accuracy is preserved with age. Specifically, could age differences in impressions toward others stem from age-related deficits in accurately detecting complex social cues? Research on aging and impression formation suggests that young and older adults show relative consensus in their first impressions, but it is unknown whether they differ in accuracy. It has been widely shown that aging disrupts emotion recognition accuracy, and that these impairments may predict deficits in other social judgments, such as detecting deceit. However, it is unclear whether general impression formation accuracy (e.g., emotion recognition accuracy, detecting complex social cues) relies on similar or distinct mechanisms. It is important to examine this question to evaluate how, if at all, aging might affect overall accuracy. Here, we examined whether aging impaired first impression accuracy in predicting real-world outcomes and categorizing social group membership. Specifically, we studied whether emotion recognition accuracy and age-related cognitive decline (which has been implicated in exacerbating deficits in emotion recognition) predict first impression accuracy. Our results revealed that emotion recognition accuracy did not predict first impression accuracy, nor did age-related cognitive decline impair it. These findings suggest that domains of social perception outside of emotion recognition may rely on mechanisms that are relatively unimpaired by aging.

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“…To make category-based judgments in the absence of pertinent information, perceivers use indirect cues to place targets into categories (Albright, Kenny, & Malloy, 1988;Brunswik, 1955;Funder, 1995;Gosling, Ko, Mannarelli, & Morris, 2002;West & Kenny, 2011). In the context of sexual orientation judgments, these cues include gait (Johnson et al, 2007), eye gaze (Nicholas, 2004), speech (Bailey, 2003;S.…”

Section: Categorization Via Cue Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of gaydar: Ideological differences in the use of gendered cues in categorizing sexual orientation.

Stern

West

Jost

et al. 2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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In the present research, we investigated whether, because of differences in cognitive style, liberals and conservatives would differ in the process of categorizing individuals into a perceptually ambiguous group. In 3 studies, we examined whether conservatives were more likely than liberals to rely on gender inversion cues (e.g., feminine = gay) when categorizing male faces as gay vs. straight, and the accuracy implications of differential cue usage. In Study 1, perceivers made dichotomous sexual orientation judgments (gay-straight). We found that perceivers who reported being more liberal were less likely than perceivers who reported being more conservative to use gender inversion cues in their deliberative judgments. In addition, liberals took longer to categorize targets, suggesting that they may have been thinking more about their judgments. Consistent with a stereotype correction model of social categorization, in Study 2 we demonstrated that differences between liberals and conservatives were eliminated by a cognitive load manipulation that disrupted perceivers' abilities to engage in effortful processing. Under cognitive load, liberals failed to adjust their initial judgments and, like conservatives, consistently relied on gender inversion cues to make judgments. In Study 3, we provided more direct evidence that differences in cognitive style underlie ideological differences in judgments of sexual orientation. Specifically, liberals were less likely than conservatives to endorse stereotypes about gender inversion and sexual orientation, and this difference in stereotype endorsement was partially explained by liberals' greater need for cognition. Implications for the accuracy of ambiguous category judgments made with the use of stereotypical cues in naturalistic settings are discussed.

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The truth and bias model of judgment.

Cited by 345 publications

References 85 publications

Within-person variability in relationship satisfaction moderates partners' pain estimation in vulvodynia couples

Within-person variability in relationship satisfaction moderates partners' pain estimation in vulvodynia couples

Does aging impair first impression accuracy? Differentiating emotion recognition from complex social inferences.

The politics of gaydar: Ideological differences in the use of gendered cues in categorizing sexual orientation.

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