The true historical origin of convalescent plasma therapy

Marson, Piero; Cozza, Andrea; Silvestro, Giustina De

doi:10.1016/j.transci.2020.102847

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…CBPs can be manufactured by collecting whole blood or apheresis plasma from a convalescent donor. This approach has been used since 1900 ( 9 ), and previous experiences have been reported elsewhere ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art

Focosi¹,

et al. 2020

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SUMMARY Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy has been used since the early 1900s to treat emerging infectious diseases; its efficacy was later associated with the evidence that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies can reduce the duration of viremia. Recent large outbreaks of viral diseases for which effective antivirals or vaccines are still lacking has renewed the interest in CP as a life-saving treatment. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the scaling up of CP therapy to unprecedented levels. Compared with historical usage, pathogen reduction technologies have now added an extra layer of safety to the use of CP, and new manufacturing approaches are being explored. This review summarizes historical settings of application, with a focus on betacoronaviruses, and surveys current approaches for donor selection and CP collection, pooling technologies, pathogen inactivation systems, and banking of CP. We additionally list the ongoing registered clinical trials for CP throughout the world and discuss the trial results published thus far.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art

Focosi¹,

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, soluble form of ACE2 obstructs SARS-CoV-2 from binding to membrane-anchored ACE2 in plasma membrane. An increased amount of soluble ACE2 and expression induced due to RAS inhibitors could be advantageous for protecting lungs and other organ injury but not infection with SARS-CoV-2 Collado-Borrell et al [38] community [39]. This is associated with the R0 (R Zero or R naught or basic reproductive number), which represents the infectivity of an infectious agent like SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Herd Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The German scientist Emil von Behring got the noble prize in 1901 for the usage of CP in the treatment of diphtheria. The CP provides neutralizing antibodies to the patient against infectious agents [39]. A must to do task is to get a measurement of titer of the neutralizing antibody in advance prior to giving the plasma to the COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Convalescent Plasma As a Potential Therapy For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a higher percentage of the community becomes immune to a disease (that could be due to prior illness or vaccination) and makes spreading of the disease improbable is known as herd immunity . Even non-vaccinated (such as newborns and the immunocompromised one) but susceptible individuals offer immune-protection because the disease has hardly any possibility to spread within the community [ 39 ]. This is associated with the R0 (R Zero or R naught or basic reproductive number), which represents the infectivity of an infectious agent like SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Herd Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Since the first case reports in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic and took lives of > 8,35,000 people globally. This single-stranded RNA virus uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for entry into the host cell. Overexpression of ACE2 is mainly observed in hypertensive, diabetic and heart patients that make them prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mitigations strategies were opted globally by the governments to minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the implementation of social distancing norms, wearing the facemasks, and spreading awareness using digital platforms. The lack of an approved drug treatment regimen, and non-availability of a vaccine, collectively posed a challenge for mankind to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this scenario, repurposing of existing drugs and old treatment options like convalescent plasma therapy can be one of the potential alternatives to treat the disease. The drug repurposing provides a selection of drugs based on the scientific rationale and with a shorter cycle of clinical trials, while plasma isolated from COVID-19 recovered patients can be a good source of neutralizing antibody to provide passive immunity. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis on these two approaches currently opted all around the world to treat COVID-19 patients. For this, we used "Boolean Operators" such as AND, OR & NOT to search relevant research articles/reviews from the PUBMED for the repurposed drugs and the convalescent plasma in the COVID-19 treatment. The repurposed drugs like Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Tenofovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Darunavir, Oseltamivir, Arbidol (Umifenovir), Favipiravir, Anakinra, and Baricitinib are already being used in clinical trials to treat the COVID-19 patients. These drugs have been approved for a different indication and belong to a diverse category such as anti-malarial/anti-parasitic, anti-retroviral/ anti-viral, anti-cancer, or against rheumatoid arthritis. Although, the vaccine would be an ideal option for providing active immunity against the SARS-CoV-2, but considering the current situation, drug repurposing and convalescent plasma therapy and repurposed drugs are the most viable option against SARS-CoV-2. Keywords Cytokine storm syndrome • ARDS • Rheumatoid arthritis • Herd immunity • Vertical transmission • Vaccine nationalism COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 virus An infectious disease COVID-19 caused by a virus belongs to the Coronaviridae family was first reported in December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China. Several other lethal viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) also belong to this family. The SARS-CoV is a single-stranded, enveloped positive-sense strand RNA virus with a genome size between 27 and 34 kilobases that is comparatively larger than other RNA viruses. SARS-CoV-2 driven endemic unfurled into

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“…If an emerging agent induces neutralizing antibodies, then transfusion of convalescent blood products (CBP), especially convalescent plasma (CP), can be useful at passively transferring them (8). This approach has been used since 1900 (9) and previous experiences have been reported elsewhere (10). CBPs are manufactured by collecting whole blood or apheresis plasma from a convalescent donor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19: State of the Art

Focosi¹,

Tang²,

Anderson³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Convalescent blood product therapy has been introduced since early 1900s to treat emerging infectious disease based on the evidence that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies can reduce duration of viremia. Recent large outbreaks of viral diseases for whom effective antivirals or vaccines are still lacking has revamped the interest in convalescent plasma as life-saving treatments. This review summarizes historical settings of application, and surveys current technologies for collection, manufacturing, pathogen inactivation, and banking, with a focus on COVID-19.

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The true historical origin of convalescent plasma therapy

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art

Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19

Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19: State of the Art

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