The True Cost of Off-Grid Solar Power: Evaluating Solar Energy in a Dense Tropical Forest

Abstract

Renewable energy solutions are vital for sustainable development, particularly in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) facing challenges related to fossil fuel dependence. This study examines the design, installation, and performance evaluation of an off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The system is located in a remote, forested region of Trinidad, providing electricity for wildlife rehabilitation efforts in a facility lacking conventional grid access. The research analyzes empirical data on system performance under humid tropical conditions, addressing practical challenges and highlighting the importance of accurate solar resource assessments for such environments. Financial analysis includes a detailed cost breakdown and calculation of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), providing insights into the economic feasibility of off-grid solar solutions. Results indicate significant discrepancies between simulated and actual performance, underscoring factors such as lower-than-anticipated solar irradiance and the impact of a constant nighttime energy load on battery cycling. Recommendations are provided to optimize future off-grid PV installations for similar applications in Trinidad and Tobago and the broader CARICOM region.