The true burden and risk of cholera: implications for prevention and control

Zuckerman, Jane N.; Rombo, Lars; Fisch, A

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70138-x

Cited by 208 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previously reported relationships between cholera disease and access to safe water and sanitation [1,3]. This coincidence underscores the role of vaccination against cholera in short-to medium-terms [3,15]. Thus, any vaccination strategy should be based on risk mapping and should take into account the feasibility and the presence and geographical distribution of high-risk groups (particular age groups and vulnerable populations).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Talavera

Pérez

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: Cholera remains a global threat and is one of the key indicators of social development. While the disease no longer poses a menace to countries with minimum standards of hygiene, it remains a serious challenge to countries where access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation cannot be guaranteed. The objective of this work was to analyse the results obtained when contrasting the reports of the World Health Organization (WHO) about cholera disease with those of the World Bank List of economies (countries). Methodology: Data were obtained from reports of two international organizations, the report on cholera disease incidence of the World Health Organization and the World Bank's classification of countries attending to their income. Results: We determined that low-income countries are more affected by cholera disease than countries with middle or high income. This difference was reflected in the percent of countries, the total number of reported cases, the number of cases per 100,000 habitants, as well as in the reported mortality. These results support the phrase "cholera disease is a disease of poverty." Conclusions: We consider that economic development is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of cholera, together with environment, climate, culture, medical management, political intention, and the intrinsic factors of the system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For example, it is accepted by the medical community that the national reports on cholera disease are underestimations of the actual scores [15]. On the other hand, the GNI per capita is not a good estimator of the life level of the people in one country because of the differences of economic groups within the same country.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cholera disease associated with poverty?

Talavera

Pérez

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…1 The O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae is the predominant cause of human disease worldwide, and it occurs in two biotypes, El Tor and classical. The antigenic determinants of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen allow for additional classification of these biotypes into serotypes Ogawa and Inaba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Reexposure to Vibrio cholerae O1 Evaluated by Subsequent Vibriocidal Titer Rise after an Episode of Severe Cholera in a Highly Endemic Area in Bangladesh

Weil¹,

Chowdhury²,

Khan³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vibriocidal antibody is a marker of recent exposure to Vibrio cholerae O1 infection. We examined vibriocidal titers for 1 year after an episode of severe cholera in patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh; 16 of 53 (30%) patients had a fourfold or greater increase in vibriocidal titer between 6 and 12 months after an episode of severe cholera, suggesting reexposure to the organism. Among patients with rises in titers during follow-up, the patients initially infected with serotype Ogawa had earlier rises in titer than the patients initially infected with serotype Inaba. These data and others suggest that an episode of severe cholera protects against symptomatic disease for several years, but reexposure to the organism occurs frequently in an endemic area, with immunological boosts beginning as early as 6 months after severe disease. Repeated exposures to V. cholerae in endemic areas may be a necessary component for long-lasting protection against severe disease.

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“…6,9 Khan and colleagues have recently commented on continued importance of global 'connectedness' to disease emergence and spread, particularly given modern air travel. 10 A single person with the disease may spark a local epidemic in an area previously free of that pathogen.…”

Section: 8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causative organism, V. cholera O1 biotype El Tor, has replaced the classical strain as the leading cause of endemic cholera worldwide. 6 As events in Haiti in the autumn of 2010 have demonstrated, lack of universal access to clean water and sewage treatment in low-income countries means that this disease remains a major public health priority.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%