The trousers test for tearing of soft biomaterials

Horgan, Cornelius O.; Smayda, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.09.018

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus we conclude that for very stiff biomaterials, the cut location has little effect on the nature of tearing. Such a result was also predicted in Horgan et al [19,20] for strain-stiffening isotropic models.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, for this model, the fracture toughness is unbounded as the cut position approaches the edge. This is also the prediction that arises in the tearing of rubber on using classical constitutive models (see Sawyers and Rivlin [17], Rivlin and Thomas [18] and Horgan et al [19,20]). However, for the model in equation ( 5) that reflects a locking stretch, it can be seen from Figures 9 and 10 that the fracture toughness is bounded as the cut position approaches the edge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Unfortunately, because of the nature of this model, such a study has limited applicability in predicting the behavior of rubber and of soft biomaterials. Some results on isotropic strain-stiffening models relevant to soft biomaterials have been obtained in Horgan and Schwarz [19] and Horgan and Smayda [20]. Our objective here is to extend these results to the transversely isotropic materials described in sections 2 and 3.…”

Section: The Trousers Test For Tearing Of Soft Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…One of the main conclusions reached in Sawyers and Rivlin [17] for the classical isotropic Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model used in that study was that the cut position plays a crucial role in the application of the trousers test for fracture of rubber. In Horgan et al, [19,20] it was shown for isotropic materials that this conclusion depends critically on the constitutive model employed. Here we have investigated the tearing of fibrous soft biomaterials using some anisotropic nonlinear elasticity models that reflect the typical J -shaped stress-stretch stiffening response due to collagen fibers that is observed experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown by Horgan and Schwartz [19] that these results depend crucially on the constitutive model employed. In Horgan and Smayda [20], the implications of the analysis of Sawyers and Rivlin [17] for isotropic materials for the tearing of soft biomaterials were discussed. As is well known, while some soft biomaterials, for example, brain and liver tissue and biogels have been shown to be isotropic, it is also well known that many other soft tissues such as arterial walls, skin and tendons demonstrate anisotropic material behavior due to their fibrous microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

An anisotropic nonlinear elasticity model for tearing of fibrous soft biomaterials

Horgan

Smayda

2013

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application of nonlinear elasticity concepts to the mechanical modeling of soft biomaterials is currently the subject of intense investigation. For fibrous soft biomaterials, some specific strain-energy density models for anisotropic hyperelastic materials have been proposed in the literature that are particularly useful as they reflect the typical J-shaped stress–stretch stiffening response due to collagen fibers that is observed experimentally. These models have the feature of incorporating the increased stiffness of the collagen fibers with deformation and involve a maximum fiber stretch (or locking stretch). Here we apply such models to the analysis of the fracture or tearing of fibrous soft biomaterials. Attention is focused on a particular fracture test namely the trousers test where two legs of a cut specimen are pulled horizontally apart out of the plane of the test piece. It is shown that, in general, the location of the cut in the specimen plays a key role in the fracture analysis, and that the effect of the cut position depends crucially on the degree of strain–stiffening. This dependence is characterized explicitly for the specific strain–stiffening constitutive models considered. The effects of anisotropy and strain–stiffening on the fracture toughness (resistance to tearing) are also examined.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: The Trousers Test For Tearing Of Soft Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An anisotropic nonlinear elasticity model for tearing of fibrous soft biomaterials

Horgan

Smayda

2013

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Tough Hydrogels for Load‐Bearing Applications

Petelinšek,

Mommer

2024

Advanced Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tough hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of materials to target load‐bearing applications, where the material has to resist multiple cycles of extreme mechanical impact. A variety of chemical interactions and network architectures are used to enhance the mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of hydrogels making them stiffer and tougher. In recent years, the mechanical properties of tough, high‐performance hydrogels have been benchmarked, however, this is often incomplete as important variables like water content are largely ignored. In this review, the aim is to clarify the reported mechanical properties of state‐of‐the‐art tough hydrogels by providing a comprehensive library of fracture and mechanical property data. First, common methods for mechanical characterization of such high‐performance hydrogels are introduced. Then, various modes of energy dissipation to obtain tough hydrogels are discussed and used to categorize the individual datasets helping to asses the material's (fracture) mechanical properties. Finally, current applications are considered, tough high‐performance hydrogels are compared with existing materials, and promising future opportunities are discussed.

show abstract