The tropical African latrine blowfly, Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann)

Laurence, B. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1988.tb00197.x

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After 24 hours, the fish, now covered with eggs, was placed between two layers of 2 cm thick cotton wool soaked in tepid tap water and placed into an opaque box (Whitefurze, Coventry, UK, dimensions 17×17×17 cm) covered with cotton netting and kept in the shade outdoors at a temperature of approximately 32°C. The eggs took 7–12 days to develop into adult flies [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysomya putoria, a Putative Vector of Diarrheal Diseases

Lindsay

Duprez

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Chrysomya spp are common blowflies in Africa, Asia and parts of South America and some species can reproduce in prodigious numbers in pit latrines. Because of their strong association with human feces and their synanthropic nature, we examined whether these flies are likely to be vectors of diarrheal pathogens.Methodology/Principal FindingsFlies were sampled using exit traps placed over the drop holes of latrines in Gambian villages. Odor-baited fly traps were used to determine the relative attractiveness of different breeding and feeding media. The presence of bacteria on flies was confirmed by culture and bacterial DNA identified using PCR. A median of 7.00 flies/latrine/day (IQR = 0.0–25.25) was collected, of which 95% were Chrysomya spp, and of these nearly all were Chrysomya putoria (99%). More flies were collected from traps with feces from young children (median = 3.0, IQR = 1.75–10.75) and dogs (median = 1.50, IQR = 0.0–13.25) than from herbivores (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–0.0; goat, horse, cow and calf; p<0.001). Flies were strongly attracted to raw meat (median = 44.5, IQR = 26.25–143.00) compared with fish (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–19.75, ns), cooked and uncooked rice, and mangoes (median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0–0.0; p<0.001). Escherichia coli were cultured from the surface of 21% (15/72 agar plates) of Chrysomya spp and 10% of these were enterotoxigenic. Enteroaggregative E. coli were identified by PCR in 2% of homogenized Chrysomya spp, Shigella spp in 1.4% and Salmonella spp in 0.6% of samples.Conclusions/SignificanceThe large numbers of C. putoria that can emerge from pit latrines, the presence of enteric pathogens on flies, and their strong attraction to raw meat and fish suggests these flies may be common vectors of diarrheal diseases in Africa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysomya putoria, a Putative Vector of Diarrheal Diseases

Lindsay

Duprez

et al. 2012

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…A fourth species, C. rufifacies (Macquart), was collected in Costa Rica in 1978 (Jiro´n, 1979). These invader species have displaced native species through competition for substrate and ecological niches (Laurence, 1988).…”

Section: Calliphoridae In the Neotropical Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Approaches for Studying Myiasis-causing Flies: Molecular Markers and Mitochondrial Genomics

Azeredo-Espin

Lessinger

2006

Genetica

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"Myiasis-causing flies" is a generic term that includes species from numerous dipteran families, mainly Calliphoridae and Oestridae, of which blowflies, screwworm flies and botflies are among the most important. This group of flies is characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. When the host is a live vertebrate, such parasitism by dipterous larvae is known as primary myiasis. Myiasis-causing flies can be classified as saprophagous (free-living species), facultative or obligate parasites. Many of these flies are of great medical and veterinary importance in Brazil because of their role as key livestock insect-pests and vectors of pathogens, in addition to being considered important legal evidence in forensic entomology. The characterization of myiasis-causing flies using molecular markers to study mtDNA (by RFLP) and nuclear DNA (by RAPD and microsatellite) has been used to identify the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for specific patterns of genetic variability. These approaches have been successfully used to analyze the population structures of the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax and the botfly Dermatobia hominis. In this review, various aspects of the organization, evolution and potential applications of the mitochondrial genome of myiasis-causing flies in Brazil, and the analysis of nuclear markers in genetic studies of populations, are discussed.

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“…Subsequent investigations have shown that three other Old World Chrysomya species (C. albiceps, C. megacephala and C. rufifacies) have also been introduced into New World. These invader species have displaced native species through competition for substrate and ecological niches (Laurence, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%