The Triglyceride-Lowering Effects of a Modest Dose of Docosahexaenoic Acid Alone Versus in Combination with Low Dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Elevated Triglycerides

Schwellenbach, Lisa J.; Olson, Kari L.; McConnell, Karen; Stolcpart, Ryan S.; Nash, James; Merenich, John A.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719562

Cited by 48 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…First, 1 g/day DHAϩEPA may have been too low a dose, although similar doses were used in GISSIPrevenzione 4 and GISSI-HF 6 in which low-moderate-dose fish oil was cardioprotective and led to guidelines recommending approximately 1 g/day DHAϩEPA for patients with documented cardiovascular disease. 3 Certainly trials have shown triglyceride-lowering with modest dose fish oil, 27,34 although higher doses may result in greater effects. 19 The proportion of DHA:EPA may also be important, but although they cannot be regarded as equivalent, there is no consensus over the optimal ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Poppitt

Howe

Lithander

et al. 2009

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids have long been associated with cardiovascular protection. In this trial, we assessed whether treatment with a guideline-recommended moderate-dose fish oil supplement could improve cardiovascular biomarkers, mood-and health-related quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods-Patients with CT-confirmed stroke were randomized to 3 g/day encapsulated fish oil containing approximately 1.2 g total omega-3 (0.7 g docosahexaenoic acid; 0.3 g eicosapentaenoic acid) or placebo oil (combination palm and soy) taken daily over 12 weeks. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and associated lipoproteins, selected inflammatory and hemostatic markers, mood, and health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and follow-up. The primary outcome was change in triglycerides. Compliance was assessed by capsule count and serum phospholipid omega-3 levels (Australian Clinical Trials Registration: ACTRN12605000207617). Results-One hundred two patients were randomized to fish oil or placebo. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol (Ͼ85% compliance) analyses showed no significant effect of fish oil treatment on any lipid, inflammatory, hemostatic, or composite mood parameters measured. Adherence to treatment based on pill count was good (89%) reflected by increased serum docosahexanoic acid (PϽ0.001) and eicosapentaenoic acid (Pϭ0.0006) in the fish oil group. Analysis of oil composition, however, showed some degradation and potentially adverse oxidation products at the end of the study. Conclusions-There was no effect of 12 weeks of treatment with moderate-dose fish oil supplements on cardiovascular biomarkers or mood in patients with ischemic stroke. It is possible that insufficient dose, short duration of treatment, and/or oxidation of the fish oils may have influenced these outcomes. (Stroke. 2009;40:3485-3492.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Poppitt

Howe

Lithander

et al. 2009

Stroke

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“…Previous studies have reported that EPA and DHA exert their lipid-lowering effects in different ways [13][14][15][16] . In our study using female KK mice, the liver triglyceride level in the EPA group was one-third that in the DHA group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo, Frøyland et al suggested that EPA possesses a potent triglyceridelowering property and stimulates greater oxidation of fatty acids than DHA 15) . In addition, the combination of EPA and DHA provided a stronger hypolipidemic effect than each alone 16) . In our previous study, consumption of different fish oils, specifically EPA-or DHA-rich fish oil, did not produce different effects on lipogenesis in C57BL/6J mice 17) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Obesity Effect of Fish Oil and Fish Oil-Fenofibrate Combination in Female KK Mice

Arai

Kim

Chiba

et al. 2009

JAT

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Aim:The aim of our study is to elucidate the effects of EPA-or DHA-rich fish oil, and of the latter plus fenofibrate, on lipid metabolism in female KK mice. Methods: Female KK mice were fed purified experimental diets containing lard/safflower oil (4:6, Lard/SO), EPA-rich fish oil (EPA), DHA-rich fish oil (DHA), or DHA-rich fish oil plus 0.2% (w/w) fenofibrate (DHA FF) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiments, we measured levels of plasma lipids, hepatic triglycerides, and cholesterol, as well as the hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenic and lipidolytic genes. Results: The final body weight of EPA-and DHA-fed groups was significantly lower than that of the Lard/SO-fed group, and that of the DHA FF-fed group was the lowest. All three fish oil treatments significantly reduced plasma insulin levels. Hepatic lipid levels significantly decreased in all three of these groups compared with the Lard/SO-fed group. Plasma adiponectin increased in both the EPAand DHA-fed groups, but the increase was suppressed in the DHA FF-fed group. Hepatocytes of Lard/SO-fed mice were filled with numerous fat droplets, but fat accumulation was inhibited in both EPA-and DHA-fed mice and was significantly prevented by fenofibrate treatment. SREBP-1c mRNA levels were decreased by about half in EPA-and DHA-fed mice compared with Lard/SO-fed mice. FAS, Insig-1, HMG-CoA reductase, and LDL-receptor mRNA levels also markedly decreased in both EPA-and DHA-fed mice, but there was no additional decrease in DHA FF fed mice. Fenofibrate treatment significantly induced mRNA expression of AOX and UCP-2, but not of PPAR . Conclusion: These data suggest that fish oil inhibited body weight gain and exhibited an anti-obesity effect through the inhibition of lipid synthesis in female KK mice. Furthermore, fenofibrate treatment markedly inhibited body weight gain by the induction of fatty acid oxidation. Plasma adiponectin levels did not increase in mice fed DHA-rich fish oil with fenofibrate, although white adipose tissue (WAT) weight significantly decreased. We considered that adiponectin sensitivity increased more in mice fed DHA-rich fish oil with fenofibrate than in mice fed DHA-rich fish oil alone.

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“…The alteration of food sensory properties, which may easily be perceived by the consumers, is mostly caused by the formation of volatile compounds due to degradation and lipid oxidation reactions [3]. Long-Chain Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFA) refined from natural oils are frequently added to foodstuffs to confer a positive health effect [4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of volatile compounds in powdered milk for infant nutrition by direct desorption (CIS4–TDU) and GC–MS

Ieri

Pinelli

Calamai

et al. 2015

Talanta

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Direct thermal desorption coupled with the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TDU-CIS4-GC-MS) technique applied to powdered milk was used as a novel approach for the characterization and quantification, as relative abundance, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study was to exploit the potential applications and setup conditions of the CIS4-TDU-GC-MS technique for the identification of oxidized or non-oxidized samples of powdered milk for infant nutrition, subjected to accelerated aging through the changes in their VOCs profile over time. Thermal desorption at 30°Cand subsequent cryotrapping at -40°C with a Gerstel Liner-in-Liner system, allowed a direct thermal desorption and cryotrapping of VOCs without any memory effect, thus avoiding sample preparation and contamination. The analyses led to the identification of several characteristic off-flavors in the oxidized samples, which were used as molecular markers to discriminate samples with different 2 oxidation degrees. Finally, VOC contaminants possibly present in the packaging can also be identified with this technique.

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The Triglyceride-Lowering Effects of a Modest Dose of Docosahexaenoic Acid Alone Versus in Combination with Low Dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Elevated Triglycerides

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Effects of Moderate-Dose Omega-3 Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mood After Ischemic Stroke

Anti-Obesity Effect of Fish Oil and Fish Oil-Fenofibrate Combination in Female KK Mice

Analysis of volatile compounds in powdered milk for infant nutrition by direct desorption (CIS4–TDU) and GC–MS

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