The Trigeminocardiac Reflex during the Anterior Transpetrosal Approach

The Relationship of the Trigemino-Cardiac Reflex to Sleep Bruxism

“…Stimulation of V5 results in bradycardia; hypotension; as well as apnea and gastric hypermobility [17]. The reflex is of utmost importance during surgical procedures adjacent to the branches of the trigeminal nerve as the TCR can inadvertently be stimulated compromising the surgical procedure [18][19][20][21]. In procedures near or in the GGa; the opposite effect may be encountered: tachycardia; tachypnea and hypertension and gastric hypomobility [22,23].…”

“…Research has also found a genetic commonalty in SB sufferers: a polymorphism of the HTR2A gene on chromosome [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]26]. This gene codes for 5-HT (serotonin) receptors in the brain and gut.…”

Photic Sneeze Reflex: Another Variant of the Trigeminocardiac Reflex?

“…Various mechanisms have been proposed [2]. Strikingly, roles of the fifth (CN V) and tenth cranial (CN X) nerves, brainstem nuclei and inciting patterns mimic another brainstem reflex, known as, the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR), which is defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmia, sympathetic hypotension, apnoea or gastric hypermotility during the stimulation of any of the sensory branches of the CN V [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, it has been highlighted that the TCR phenomenon has a wide array of clinical implications in both experimental and clinical neurosciences [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”