The Tribology and Chemistry of Phosphorus‐Containing Lubricant Additives

Johnson, David W.

doi:10.5772/63654

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The sharp peaks appearing above the distribution are components of the phosphate ester antiwear additive. Phosphate esters form a surface layer that resists wear under boundary layer lubrication, such as during start-up of the process [41]. GC-MS can indicate additives present and also be an indicator of additive depletion or decomposition.…”

Section: Mineral Oil Based Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants

Johnson¹

2017

Mass Spectrometry

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The application of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the complex mixtures inherent in fuel and lubricant samples will be examined. These samples because they are naturally complex mixtures, typically requires either very high resolution mass spectrometry or one of the hyphenated techniques gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Some fuel problems that can be addressed through mass spectrometry are associated with the changes in composition and degradation of fuels as they age, including the analysis of both major hydrocarbon components non-polar components and minor polar components will be described. The properties and composition of natural and major classes of synthetic lubricants, the presence of additives and the problems that develop as the lubricant is used such as additive depletion, thermal and oxidative degradation and lubricant contamination have also been examined using mass spectrometric techniques.

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Section: Mineral Oil Based Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants

Johnson¹

2017

Mass Spectrometry

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“…PBS eliminated polyethylene transfer and wear, whereas substantial transfer and wear, although erratic, occurred with DW [19]. The difference may be attributable to the known 'antiwear' properties of phosphates so that they formed a boundary layer on the metal surface, which reduced the adhesive wear of the polyethylene counterface [20]. In serum, the phosphates may have interacted with proteins in the boundary lubrication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of serum dilution fluids on the wear of unirradiated and high dose gamma-irradiated, vitamin E stabilized UHMWPE

Saikko

2019

Wear

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In orthopaedic tribology, the ISO 14242-1 standard recommends that the serum lubricant is diluted with deionized water (DW). Sometimes, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is used instead for the dilution. Noncyclic, multidirectional pin-on-disk tests showed that the dilution of alpha calf serum with PBS or phosphate buffer resulted in a 5 to 40-fold decrease in the wear factor of unirradiated and of vitamin E stabilized, highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compared with DW dilution. It appears that the phosphates were mainly responsible for this phenomenon. PBS dilution may result in a substantial underestimation of clinical wear. With 1:1 DW dilution, the mean wear factor of highly crosslinked UHMWPE was 5.7-fold lower than that of unirradiated UHMWPE.

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“…Rolling contact fatigue testing with M-50 bearings, for example indicated that PANA and DODPA added to a lubricant along with tricresyl phosphate resulted in an increase in wear over systems where the PANA and DODPA were absent [35]. An explanation might include the antioxidants reduce the oxidation of the metal surface which interferes with the binding of the phosphate ester to the surface [36]. Another system where results are unpredictable is when advanced bearing materials are used with polyolesters and phosphate esters.…”

Section: Synergistic Reactions Between Lubricants Additives and Bearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbine Engine Lubricant and Additive Degradation Mechanisms

Johnson¹

2019

Aerospace Engineering

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Modern ester based synthetic lubricants have been used in various formulations with anti-oxidants, phosphorus based anti-wear additives and other additives for many years. The physical and chemical properties of both the basestock and additives are known to change through use. Basestocks are normally thought to degrade through various mechanisms, while additive can either degrade or are used as they react when they complete the function that they are added for. In this chapter, the composition of modern turbine engine lubricants and the mechanisms by which the lubricants degrade over time will be examined. Potential changes in bearing materials being evaluated for future engines and the effects of possible new ionic liquids based additives will be will be discussed as they relate to currently used additives. Also included will be a discussion of effects of degradation on the lubricant properties, how the changes affect turbine engines and how the changes can impact human health. These new materials introduce a number of new possible degradation schemes that must be evaluated before the materials enter widespread use.

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The Tribology and Chemistry of Phosphorus‐Containing Lubricant Additives

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Applications of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants

Applications of Mass Spectrometric Techniques to the Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants

Effect of serum dilution fluids on the wear of unirradiated and high dose gamma-irradiated, vitamin E stabilized UHMWPE

Turbine Engine Lubricant and Additive Degradation Mechanisms

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