“…At present, due to the limitations of physical properties and chemical stability of titanium alloy, the modification means of direct irradiation have no predominance, such as electron beam and ion beam [9][10][11]. In contrast, fabricating metal protective coatings on the surface can be an effective strengthening method, including chemical/physical vapor deposition [12,13], plasma spraying [14,15], and laser cladding [16,17]. Of these advanced techniques, laser cladding (LC) stands out, owing to its rapid heating and cooling rate (10 4 ~10 6 K/s), controlled heat input, extreme cooling Coatings 2024, 14, 543 2 of 15 speed, high processing efficiency, strong metallurgical bonding, and extensive applied range [18][19][20][21].…”